महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-281, verse-12

यम उवाच ।
पतिव्रतासि सावित्रि तथैव च तपोन्विता ।
अतस्त्वामभिभाषामि विद्धि मां त्वं शुभे यमम् ॥१२॥

12. yama uvāca ,
pativratāsi sāvitri tathaiva ca taponvitā ,
atastvāmabhibhāṣāmi viddhi māṁ tvaṁ śubhe yamam.

12. yamaḥ uvāca pativratā asi sāvitri tathā eva ca tapas
anvitā ataḥ tvām abhibhāṣāmi viddhi mām tvam śubhe yamam

12. Yama spoke: "Savitri, you are a devoted wife (pativratā) and also endowed with ascetic devotion (tapas). Therefore, I am speaking to you. O auspicious one, know me as Yama."

Words meanings summery:

• यमः (yamaḥ) - The god of death, Yama (Yama (the god of death), controller)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• पतिव्रता (pativratā) - devoted wife, chaste wife, faithful to husband

• असि (asi) - you are

• सावित्रि (sāvitri) - O Savitri (Satyavan's wife) (O Savitri (name of a devoted wife))

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, in that manner

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• तपस् (tapas) - ascetic devotion (asceticism, penance, religious austerity, heat)

• अन्विता (anvitā) - endowed with, accompanied by, possessed of

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, from this

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

• अभिभाषामि (abhibhāṣāmi) - I speak to, I address

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand, be aware

• माम् (mām) - me (accusative)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (nominative)

• शुभे (śubhe) - O auspicious one, O beautiful one, O pure one

• यमम् (yamam) - Yama (as the identity to be known) (Yama (the god of death))

Words meanings and morphology

यमः (yamaḥ) - The god of death, Yama (Yama (the god of death), controller)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama (god of death), bridle, control

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect tense form of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पतिव्रता (pativratā) - devoted wife, chaste wife, faithful to husband

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pativratā

pativratā - devoted wife, chaste wife

Feminine form of pativrata (one whose vow (vrata) is her husband (pati))

Compound type : karmadhāraya or bahuvrihi (pati+vrata)

• pati – husband, master, lord
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'you'.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of as

Present tense, 2nd person singular of root as

Root: as (class 2)

सावित्रि (sāvitri) - O Savitri (Satyavan's wife) (O Savitri (name of a devoted wife))

(proper noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of sāvitrī

sāvitrī - Savitri (name of a mythological princess, wife of Satyavan)

Feminine proper noun

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

तपस् (tapas) - ascetic devotion (asceticism, penance, religious austerity, heat)

(noun)

neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, religious austerity, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: First part of the compound `tapas-anvitā`.

अन्विता (anvitā) - endowed with, accompanied by, possessed of

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anvita

anvita - endowed with, accompanied by, possessed of

Past Passive Participle

From root i (to go) with prefix anu- and suffix -ta

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Second part of the compound `tapas-anvitā`. `taponvitā` is a tatpurusha compound meaning 'endowed with tapas'.

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, from this

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun

Note: Object of abhibhāṣāmi.

अभिभाषामि (abhibhāṣāmi) - I speak to, I address

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of bhāṣ

Present tense, 1st person singular of root bhāṣ with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand, be aware

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Loṭ) of vid

Imperative, 2nd person singular of root vid

Root: vid (class 2)

माम् (mām) - me (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person pronoun

Note: Object of viddhi.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun

Note: Explicit subject of viddhi.

शुभे (śubhe) - O auspicious one, O beautiful one, O pure one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of śubhā

śubhā - auspicious, beautiful, pure

Feminine form of śubha

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Addressing Savitri.

यमम् (yamam) - Yama (as the identity to be known) (Yama (the god of death))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama (god of death), bridle, control

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Complement to viddhi.