महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-281, verse-33

सावित्र्युवाच ।
प्रजास्त्वयेमा नियमेन संयता नियम्य चैता नयसे न कामया ।
अतो यमत्वं तव देव विश्रुतं निबोध चेमां गिरमीरितां मया ॥३३॥

33. sāvitryuvāca ,
prajāstvayemā niyamena saṁyatā; niyamya caitā nayase na kāmayā ,
ato yamatvaṁ tava deva viśrutaṁ; nibodha cemāṁ giramīritāṁ mayā.

33. sāvitrī uvāca prajāḥ tvayā imāḥ niyamena
saṃyatāḥ niyamya ca etāḥ nayase na
kāmayā ataḥ yamatvam tava deva viśrutam
nibodha ca imām giram īritām mayā

33. Savitri said, 'These beings are restrained by you through natural law (niyama); you lead them by controlling them, not by desire. Therefore, your role as Yama (controller), O God, is well-known. Now, understand this speech spoken by me.'

Words meanings summery:

• सावित्री (sāvitrī) - Savitri (name of a princess)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - beings, creatures, subjects, progeny

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these

• नियमेन (niyamena) - by means of natural law (niyama), by rule, by discipline

• संयताः (saṁyatāḥ) - restrained, controlled

• नियम्य (niyamya) - having controlled, having restrained

• च (ca) - and

• एताः (etāḥ) - these

• नयसे (nayase) - you lead, you guide

• न (na) - not, no

• कामया (kāmayā) - by desire, through desire

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence

• यमत्वम् (yamatvam) - the state of being Yama, the role of Yama, controller-ship

• तव (tava) - your

• देव (deva) - O God, O divine one

• विश्रुतम् (viśrutam) - well-known, famous, renowned

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive, know

• च (ca) - and

• इमाम् (imām) - this

• गिरम् (giram) - speech, word

• ईरिताम् (īritām) - spoken, uttered

• मया (mayā) - by me

Words meanings and morphology

सावित्री (sāvitrī) - Savitri (name of a princess)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sāvitrī

sāvitrī - Savitri (daughter of King Aswapati, wife of Satyavat)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular Perfect Active

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From root vac.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - beings, creatures, subjects, progeny

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, people, subjects, beings

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied verb 'are').

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

इमाः (imāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Modifies `prajāḥ`.

नियमेन (niyamena) - by means of natural law (niyama), by rule, by discipline

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of niyama

niyama - natural law (niyama), rule, restraint, discipline, regulation

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Means by which control is exerted.

संयताः (saṁyatāḥ) - restrained, controlled

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of saṃyata

saṁyata - restrained, controlled, disciplined

Past Passive Participle

From verb root yam (to control) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies `prajāḥ`.

नियम्य (niyamya) - having controlled, having restrained

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) from verb root yam (to control) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Indicates a preceding action, "having controlled, you lead."

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एताः (etāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Object of `nayase`, referring to `prajāḥ`.

नयसे (nayase) - you lead, you guide

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of nī

Present Middle

2nd person singular Present Middle

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Verb for "you lead".

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कामया (kāmayā) - by desire, through desire

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kāmā

kāmā - desire, wish

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Instrumental of causation/means.

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of inference.

यमत्वम् (yamatvam) - the state of being Yama, the role of Yama, controller-ship

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yamatva

yamatva - the state or quality of being Yama, controller-ship

Derived from Yama + -tva suffix for abstract noun

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Possessive, refers to Yama.

देव (deva) - O God, O divine one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, divine being, lord

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Addressed to Yama.

विश्रुतम् (viśrutam) - well-known, famous, renowned

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viśruta

viśruta - well-known, famous, renowned

Past Passive Participle

From verb root śru (to hear) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Modifies `yamatvam`.

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive, know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative Active

2nd person singular Imperative Active

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Command to Yama.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

इमाम् (imām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Modifies `giram`.

गिरम् (giram) - speech, word

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gir

gir - speech, word, voice

Note: Object of `nibodha`.

ईरिताम् (īritām) - spoken, uttered

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of īrita

īrita - spoken, uttered, sent forth

Past Passive Participle

From verb root īr (to send, utter)

Root: īr (class 2)

Note: Modifies `giram`.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

Note: Agent of `īritām`.