महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-281, verse-3

सोऽभिगम्य प्रियां भार्यामुवाच श्रमपीडितः ।
व्यायामेन ममानेन जाता शिरसि वेदना ॥३॥

3. so'bhigamya priyāṁ bhāryāmuvāca śramapīḍitaḥ ,
vyāyāmena mamānena jātā śirasi vedanā.

3. saḥ abhigamya priyām bhāryām uvāca śrama-pīḍitaḥ
vyāyāmena mama anena jātā śirasi vedanā

3. Overcome by fatigue, he approached his beloved wife and said, "Because of this exertion of mine, a pain has developed in my head."

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached (having approached, having gone towards)

• प्रियाम् (priyām) - beloved (beloved, dear)

• भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife (wife, one to be supported)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• श्रम-पीडितः (śrama-pīḍitaḥ) - overcome by fatigue (afflicted by fatigue, tormented by toil)

• व्यायामेन (vyāyāmena) - by exertion (by exertion, by exercise)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• अनेन (anena) - by this (exertion) (by this)

• जाता (jātā) - has arisen, has developed (born, arisen, produced)

• शिरसि (śirasi) - in my head (in the head, on the head)

• वेदना (vedanā) - pain (pain, sensation, feeling)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached (having approached, having gone towards)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'gam' with prefix 'abhi' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'uvāca'.

प्रियाम् (priyām) - beloved (beloved, dear)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of priyā

priyā - dear, beloved, pleasing (feminine)

Note: Agrees with and modifies 'bhāryām'.

भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife (wife, one to be supported)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, female to be supported, female servant

Gerundive

Feminine form of gerundive 'bhārya' (fit to be borne/maintained), from root 'bhṛ' (to bear/maintain).

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Direct object of 'abhigamya'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular, of root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

श्रम-पीडितः (śrama-pīḍitaḥ) - overcome by fatigue (afflicted by fatigue, tormented by toil)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrama-pīḍita

śrama-pīḍita - afflicted by fatigue/exertion

Compound word.

Compound type : tatpurusha (śrama+pīḍita)

• śrama – fatigue, exertion, toil, labor
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śram (class 4)
• pīḍita – distressed, oppressed, afflicted, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'pīḍ' (to oppress, distress).
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ', describing his state.

व्यायामेन (vyāyāmena) - by exertion (by exertion, by exercise)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vyāyāma

vyāyāma - exertion, effort, exercise, physical training

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause of the pain.

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Possessive for 'vyāyāmena'.

अनेन (anena) - by this (exertion) (by this)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'vyāyāmena', emphasizing 'this' specific exertion.

जाता (jātā) - has arisen, has developed (born, arisen, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root 'jan' (to be born). Feminine form.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'vedanā', acting as a predicative adjective.

शिरसि (śirasi) - in my head (in the head, on the head)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

Note: Indicates location of the pain.

वेदना (vedanā) - pain (pain, sensation, feeling)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vedanā

vedanā - sensation, feeling, pain, knowledge, understanding

Derived from root 'vid' (to know / to feel) with suffix '-anā'.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of the implied verb (e.g., 'asti').