महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-281, verse-23

नानात्मवन्तस्तु वने चरन्ति धर्मं च वासं च परिश्रमं च ।
विज्ञानतो धर्ममुदाहरन्ति तस्मात्सन्तो धर्ममाहुः प्रधानम् ॥२३॥

23. nānātmavantastu vane caranti; dharmaṁ ca vāsaṁ ca pariśramaṁ ca ,
vijñānato dharmamudāharanti; tasmātsanto dharmamāhuḥ pradhānam.

23. nānātmavantaḥ tu vane caranti
dharmam ca vāsam ca pariśramam ca
vijñānataḥ dharmam udāharanti
tasmāt santaḥ dharmam āhuḥ pradhānam

23. Indeed, those with diverse individual selves (ātman) roam in the forest, observing their natural law (dharma), their dwelling, and their endeavors. From their knowledge, they expound upon natural law (dharma); therefore, the wise proclaim natural law (dharma) as supreme.

Words meanings summery:

• नानात्मवन्तः (nānātmavantaḥ) - those possessing various selves or natures

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in the woods

• चरन्ति (caranti) - they wander, they move, they live

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness

• च (ca) - and, also

• वासम् (vāsam) - dwelling, abode, residence

• च (ca) - and, also

• परिश्रमम् (pariśramam) - effort, toil, exertion

• च (ca) - and, also

• विज्ञानतः (vijñānataḥ) - from knowledge, because of understanding

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, intrinsic nature

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they declare, they state, they expound

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - the good, the wise, existent ones

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, intrinsic nature

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare, they say

• प्रधानम् (pradhānam) - supreme, primary, principal

Words meanings and morphology

नानात्मवन्तः (nānātmavantaḥ) - those possessing various selves or natures

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nānātmavat

nānātmavat - possessing various selves, having diverse individualities

Possessive suffix -vat.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (nānā+ātman)

• nānā – various, diverse, manifold
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'caranti'.

तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

वने (vane) - in the forest, in the woods

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Note: Denotes location.

चरन्ति (caranti) - they wander, they move, they live

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of implied verb 'observing' or 'living by'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वासम् (vāsam) - dwelling, abode, residence

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāsa

vāsa - dwelling, residing, abode, residence

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Object of implied verb 'observing' or 'living by'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

परिश्रमम् (pariśramam) - effort, toil, exertion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pariśrama

pariśrama - exertion, labor, fatigue, effort, diligence

From prefix pari + root śram.

Prefix: pari

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Object of implied verb 'observing' or 'living by'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विज्ञानतः (vijñānataḥ) - from knowledge, because of understanding

(indeclinable)

From prefix vi + root jñā (to know).

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Formed with the suffix -tas to indicate 'from/because of'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, intrinsic nature

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'udāharanti'.

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they declare, they state, they expound

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ud-ā-hṛ

Prefixes: ut+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: From root hṛ with prefixes ud and ā.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used as an indeclinable adverb meaning 'therefore'.

सन्तः (santaḥ) - the good, the wise, existent ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sant

sant - good, virtuous, wise, existent, being

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'āhuḥ'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, intrinsic nature

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare, they say

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ā-ah

Prefix: ā

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Used in place of present tense.

प्रधानम् (pradhānam) - supreme, primary, principal

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradhāna

pradhāna - chief, principal, primary, supreme, important thing

From prefix pra + root dhā.

Prefix: pra

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'dharmam'.