महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-281, verse-40

विवस्वतस्त्वं तनयः प्रतापवांस्ततो हि वैवस्वत उच्यसे बुधैः ।
शमेन धर्मेण च रञ्जिताः प्रजास्ततस्तवेहेश्वर धर्मराजता ॥४०॥

40. vivasvatastvaṁ tanayaḥ pratāpavāṁ;stato hi vaivasvata ucyase budhaiḥ ,
śamena dharmeṇa ca rañjitāḥ prajā;statastaveheśvara dharmarājatā.

40. vivasvataḥ tvam tanayaḥ pratāpavān
tataḥ hi vaivasvataḥ ucyase budhaiḥ
śamena dharmeṇa ca rañjitāḥ prajāḥ
tataḥ tava iha īśvara dharmarājatā

40. You are the powerful son of Vivasvat, and for that reason, you are indeed called Vaivasvata by the learned. People are contented by your tranquility and by your adherence to natural law (dharma). Therefore, O lord, your sovereignty as the king of natural law (dharma-rājatā) is established here.

Words meanings summery:

• विवस्वतः (vivasvataḥ) - of Vivasvat (the sun god)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• तनयः (tanayaḥ) - son

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful, majestic, glorious

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, from that

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

• वैवस्वतः (vaivasvataḥ) - son of Vivasvat, Yama

• उच्यसे (ucyase) - you are called

• बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise, by the learned

• शमेन (śamena) - by tranquility, by peace

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by natural law (dharma), by righteousness

• च (ca) - and, also

• रञ्जिताः (rañjitāḥ) - pleased, delighted, colored

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, subjects, offspring

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, from that

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• ईश्वर (īśvara) - O lord, O ruler

• धर्मराजता (dharmarājatā) - kingship of natural law (dharma), righteousness as a king

Words meanings and morphology

विवस्वतः (vivasvataḥ) - of Vivasvat (the sun god)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vivasvat

vivasvat - Vivasvat, the sun god, father of Yama

Note: Source of parentage.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject.

तनयः (tanayaḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tanaya

tanaya - son, offspring

from root tan 'to stretch, extend'

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tvam'.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful, majestic, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - powerful, majestic, glorious, valiant

possessive suffix -vat

Prefix: pra

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tanayaḥ' and 'tvam'.

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizing particle.

वैवस्वतः (vaivasvataḥ) - son of Vivasvat, Yama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaivasvata

vaivasvata - descendant of Vivasvat (Yama)

patronymic from Vivasvat

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tvam'.

उच्यसे (ucyase) - you are called

(verb)

2nd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

Present Passive

root vac, present 2nd person singular, passive voice (yak)

Root: vac (class 2)

बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise, by the learned

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, learned, intelligent person

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agent in passive construction ('ucyase').

शमेन (śamena) - by tranquility, by peace

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śama

śama - tranquility, peace, calmness

from root śam 'to be calm'

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Instrumental cause.

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by natural law (dharma), by righteousness

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty

from root dhṛ 'to uphold, support'

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Instrumental cause.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

रञ्जिताः (rañjitāḥ) - pleased, delighted, colored

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of rañjita

rañjita - pleased, delighted, colored, dyed

Past Passive Participle

from root rañj 'to color, to please'

Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'prajāḥ'.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people, subjects, offspring

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - people, subjects, progeny, creation

from root jan 'to be born' with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'are pleased'.

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive pronoun for 'dharmarājatā'.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial.

ईश्वर (īśvara) - O lord, O ruler

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - lord, master, ruler, god

Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Vocative addressing Yama.

धर्मराजता (dharmarājatā) - kingship of natural law (dharma), righteousness as a king

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dharmarājatā

dharmarājatā - kingship of natural law, sovereignty of dharma

suffix -tā added to dharmarāja

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  from root dhṛ 'to uphold, support'
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative for an implied 'is'.