महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-281, verse-74

एताः शिवा घोरनादा दिशं दक्षिणपश्चिमाम् ।
आस्थाय विरुवन्त्युग्राः कम्पयन्त्यो मनो मम ॥७४॥

74. etāḥ śivā ghoranādā diśaṁ dakṣiṇapaścimām ,
āsthāya viruvantyugrāḥ kampayantyo mano mama.

74. etāḥ śivāḥ ghoranādāḥ diśam dakṣiṇapaścimām
āsthāya viruvanti ugrāḥ kampayantyaḥ manaḥ mama

74. These fierce jackals, with their terrible cries, are positioned in the south-western direction, wailing and making my mind tremble.

Words meanings summery:

• एताः (etāḥ) - these

• शिवाः (śivāḥ) - jackals

• घोरनादाः (ghoranādāḥ) - with terrible cries

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction

• दक्षिणपश्चिमाम् (dakṣiṇapaścimām) - south-western

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having taken a position, standing

• विरुवन्ति (viruvanti) - they cry out, they wail

• उग्राः (ugrāḥ) - fierce, terrible

• कम्पयन्त्यः (kampayantyaḥ) - causing to tremble, shaking

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind

• मम (mama) - my, of me

Words meanings and morphology

एताः (etāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this

शिवाः (śivāḥ) - jackals

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śivā

śivā - jackal, female jackal, auspicious

घोरनादाः (ghoranādāḥ) - with terrible cries

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ghoranāda

ghoranāda - having terrible cries

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ghora+nāda)

• ghora – terrible, dreadful
  adjective (masculine)
• nāda – cry, sound, roar
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'nad' (to sound) with 'ghañ' suffix.
  Root: nad (class 1)

दिशम् (diśam) - direction

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter

दक्षिणपश्चिमाम् (dakṣiṇapaścimām) - south-western

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇapaścima

dakṣiṇapaścima - south-western

Compound type : karmadharaya (dakṣiṇa+paścima)

• dakṣiṇa – southern, right
  adjective (masculine)
• paścima – western, hindmost
  adjective (masculine)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having taken a position, standing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'ā' and suffix 'lyap' (for absolutives with prefixes).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

विरुवन्ति (viruvanti) - they cry out, they wail

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of viru

From root 'ru' (to cry) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: ru (class 2)

उग्राः (ugrāḥ) - fierce, terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, mighty

कम्पयन्त्यः (kampayantyaḥ) - causing to tremble, shaking

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kampayat

kampayat - causing to tremble

Present Active Participle

From causative of root 'kamp' (to tremble) with 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: kamp (class 1)

मनः (manaḥ) - mind

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me