महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-281, verse-31

सावित्र्युवाच ।
हृतं पुरा मे श्वशुरस्य धीमतः स्वमेव राज्यं स लभेत पार्थिवः ।
जह्यात्स्वधर्मं न च मे गुरुर्यथा द्वितीयमेतं वरयामि ते वरम् ॥३१॥

31. sāvitryuvāca ,
hṛtaṁ purā me śvaśurasya dhīmataḥ; svameva rājyaṁ sa labheta pārthivaḥ ,
jahyātsvadharmaṁ na ca me gururyathā; dvitīyametaṁ varayāmi te varam.

31. sāvitrī uvāca hṛtam purā me śvaśurasya
dhīmataḥ svam eva rājyam saḥ labheta
pārthivaḥ jahyāt svadharmam na ca me guruḥ
yathā dvitīyam etam varayāmi te varam

31. Savitri said, 'May that king, my wise father-in-law, regain his own kingdom, which was previously seized. And may my father-in-law not forsake his intrinsic nature (svadharma). This is the second boon I ask of you.'

Words meanings summery:

• सावित्री (sāvitrī) - Savitri (name of a princess)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• हृतम् (hṛtam) - taken, seized, stolen

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

• मे (me) - my, to me

• श्वशुरस्य (śvaśurasya) - of the father-in-law

• धीमतः (dhīmataḥ) - of the wise one, intelligent one

• स्वम् (svam) - own, his own

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• लभेत (labheta) - may obtain, may gain

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king, ruler

• जह्यात् (jahyāt) - may abandon, forsake

• स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - one's own intrinsic nature (dharma), one's duty

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• मे (me) - my, to me

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - father-in-law (father-in-law, revered elder, teacher)

• यथा (yathā) - so that, as, in order that

• द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second

• एतम् (etam) - this (one)

• वरयामि (varayāmi) - I choose, I ask for

• ते (te) - from you, to you

• वरम् (varam) - boon, blessing

Words meanings and morphology

सावित्री (sāvitrī) - Savitri (name of a princess)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sāvitrī

sāvitrī - Savitri (daughter of King Aswapati, wife of Satyavat)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular Perfect Active

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From root vac.

हृतम् (hṛtam) - taken, seized, stolen

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hṛta

hṛta - taken, seized, stolen, carried off

Past Passive Participle

From verb root hṛ (to seize, carry, steal)

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies `rājyam`.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

मे (me) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

Note: Possessive, refers to Savitri.

श्वशुरस्य (śvaśurasya) - of the father-in-law

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śvaśura

śvaśura - father-in-law

Note: Modifies `dhīmataḥ` and implies possession of `rājyam`.

धीमतः (dhīmataḥ) - of the wise one, intelligent one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - wise, intelligent, sagacious

Possessive adjective from dhī (intellect)

Note: Modifies `śvaśurasya`.

स्वम् (svam) - own, his own

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own; property, wealth

Note: Modifies `rājyam`.

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `svam`.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty

Note: Subject of the implied passive action 'was seized'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `pārthivaḥ` (the king).

लभेत (labheta) - may obtain, may gain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of labh

Optative Middle

3rd person singular Optative Middle

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Expresses a wish.

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, ruler; earthly

Note: Refers to Savitri's father-in-law.

जह्यात् (jahyāt) - may abandon, forsake

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of hā

Optative Active

3rd person singular Optative Active

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Expresses a wish, often with `na`.

स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - one's own intrinsic nature (dharma), one's duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svadharma

svadharma - one's own natural law (dharma), intrinsic nature (dharma), duty, constitutional function

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+dharma)

• sva – own, one's own
  adjective (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of `jahyāt`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates `jahyāt`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two wishes.

मे (me) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

Note: Possessive, refers to Savitri.

गुरुः (guruḥ) - father-in-law (father-in-law, revered elder, teacher)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual guide (guru), venerable person, heavy

Note: Subject of `jahyāt`.

यथा (yathā) - so that, as, in order that

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the main clause with the subordinate clause expressing the wish.

द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second

Note: Modifies `varam`.

एतम् (etam) - this (one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Modifies `varam`.

वरयामि (varayāmi) - I choose, I ask for

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vṛ

Present Active

1st person singular Present Active

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: The speaker is Savitri.

ते (te) - from you, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Dative/Genitive, often implies "from you" when asking for a boon.

वरम् (varam) - boon, blessing

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vara

vara - boon, blessing, gift

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Object of `varayāmi`.