महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-281, verse-2

तस्य पाटयतः काष्ठं स्वेदो वै समजायत ।
व्यायामेन च तेनास्य जज्ञे शिरसि वेदना ॥२॥

2. tasya pāṭayataḥ kāṣṭhaṁ svedo vai samajāyata ,
vyāyāmena ca tenāsya jajñe śirasi vedanā.

2. tasya pāṭayataḥ kāṣṭham svedaḥ vai samajāyata
vyāyāmena ca tena asya jajñe śirasi vedanā

2. As he was splitting wood, sweat indeed appeared. And because of that exertion, a pain developed in his head.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his (his, of that)

• पाटयतः (pāṭayataḥ) - of him who was splitting (of one splitting, of one causing to fall)

• काष्ठम् (kāṣṭham) - wood (wood, stick, log)

• स्वेदः (svedaḥ) - sweat (sweat, perspiration)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly)

• समजायत (samajāyata) - arose, appeared (was produced, arose, was born)

• व्यायामेन (vyāyāmena) - by exertion (by exertion, by exercise)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तेन (tena) - by that (exertion) (by that)

• अस्य (asya) - his (his, of this)

• जज्ञे (jajñe) - arose, developed (was born, arose, appeared)

• शिरसि (śirasi) - in his head (in the head, on the head)

• वेदना (vedanā) - pain (pain, sensation, feeling)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Genitive singular, referring to the person splitting wood.

पाटयतः (pāṭayataḥ) - of him who was splitting (of one splitting, of one causing to fall)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṭayat

pāṭayat - splitting, causing to fall

Present Active Participle

Derived from the causative of root 'pat' (to fall), which is 'pāṭayati' (to split, cause to fall), formed with the '-at' suffix. Declined in genitive singular.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Present active participle, agreeing with 'tasya'.

काष्ठम् (kāṣṭham) - wood (wood, stick, log)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāṣṭha

kāṣṭha - wood, piece of wood, timber, log

Note: Direct object of the participle 'pāṭayataḥ'.

स्वेदः (svedaḥ) - sweat (sweat, perspiration)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sveda

sveda - sweat, perspiration, warmth

Root: svid (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'samajāyata'.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

समजायत (samajāyata) - arose, appeared (was produced, arose, was born)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of sam-jan

Imperfect tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular, from the root 'jan' with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

व्यायामेन (vyāyāmena) - by exertion (by exertion, by exercise)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vyāyāma

vyāyāma - exertion, effort, exercise, physical training

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause of the pain.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

तेन (tena) - by that (exertion) (by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'vyāyāmena', reiterating the cause.

अस्य (asya) - his (his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Genitive singular, functioning possessively for 'śirasi'.

जज्ञे (jajñe) - arose, developed (was born, arose, appeared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of jan

Perfect tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular, from root 'jan'.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

शिरसि (śirasi) - in his head (in the head, on the head)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

Note: Indicates location where the pain arose.

वेदना (vedanā) - pain (pain, sensation, feeling)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vedanā

vedanā - sensation, feeling, pain, knowledge, understanding

Derived from root 'vid' (to know / to feel) with suffix '-anā'.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'jajñe'.