महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-281, verse-18

यमस्तु तं तथा बद्ध्वा प्रयातो दक्षिणामुखः ।
सावित्री चापि दुःखार्ता यममेवान्वगच्छत ।
नियमव्रतसंसिद्धा महाभागा पतिव्रता ॥१८॥

18. yamastu taṁ tathā baddhvā prayāto dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ ,
sāvitrī cāpi duḥkhārtā yamamevānvagacchata ,
niyamavratasaṁsiddhā mahābhāgā pativratā.

18. yamaḥ tu tam tathā baddhvā prayātaḥ
dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ sāvitrī ca api
duḥkhārtā yamam eva anvagacchat
niyamavratasaṃsiddhā mahābhāgā pativratā

18. But Yama, having thus bound him, proceeded southward. And Sāvitrī, afflicted with sorrow, followed Yama. She was one who had perfected herself through discipline and vows (vrata), highly fortunate, and a devoted wife.

Words meanings summery:

• यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama, the lord of death

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तम् (tam) - him (Satyavān) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having bound, having tied

• प्रयातः (prayātaḥ) - proceeded, departed, gone forth

• दक्षिणामुखः (dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ) - facing south, southbound

• सावित्री (sāvitrī) - Sāvitrī (proper name)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• दुःखार्ता (duḥkhārtā) - distressed by sorrow, sorrow-afflicted

• यमम् (yamam) - Yama (accusative singular)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• अन्वगच्छत् (anvagacchat) - followed, went after

• नियमव्रतसंसिद्धा (niyamavratasaṁsiddhā) - accomplished through discipline and vows

• महाभागा (mahābhāgā) - highly fortunate, greatly blessed

• पतिव्रता (pativratā) - devoted to her husband, chaste wife

Words meanings and morphology

यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama, the lord of death

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama (the god of death); restraint, control

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him (Satyavān) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having bound, having tied

(indeclinable)

root

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Absolutive participle from root bandh

प्रयातः (prayātaḥ) - proceeded, departed, gone forth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prayāta

prayāta - gone forth, departed, set out

Past Passive Participle

formed from pra- + √yā + kta (perfective past participle suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

दक्षिणामुखः (dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ) - facing south, southbound

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dakṣiṇāmukha

dakṣiṇāmukha - facing south, southern

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dakṣiṇā+mukha)

• dakṣiṇā – south, right (direction)
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, opening, front
  noun (neuter)

सावित्री (sāvitrī) - Sāvitrī (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sāvitrī

sāvitrī - Sāvitrī (name of a goddess, daughter of Savitr, wife of Satyavān)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

दुःखार्ता (duḥkhārtā) - distressed by sorrow, sorrow-afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by sorrow, distressed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, misery, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √ṛ + kta
  Root: ṛ

यमम् (yamam) - Yama (accusative singular)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama (the god of death); restraint, control

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

अन्वगच्छत् (anvagacchat) - followed, went after

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

root

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Formed with upasarga anu-

नियमव्रतसंसिद्धा (niyamavratasaṁsiddhā) - accomplished through discipline and vows

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niyamavratasaṃsiddha

niyamavratasaṁsiddha - perfected by discipline and vows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niyama+vrata+saṃsiddha)

• niyama – restraint, discipline, rule, religious observance
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow (vrata), sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)
• saṃsiddha – perfected, accomplished, fulfilled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from sam- + √sidh + kta
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sidh

महाभागा (mahābhāgā) - highly fortunate, greatly blessed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - highly fortunate, illustrious, noble

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+bhāga)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)
• bhāga – share, portion, fortune, destiny
  noun (masculine)

पतिव्रता (pativratā) - devoted to her husband, chaste wife

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pativratā

pativratā - a wife devoted to her husband, chaste wife

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pati+vrata)

• pati – husband, master, lord
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow (vrata), sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)