महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-137, verse-73

नेत्राभ्यां सरुजाभ्यां यः प्रतिवातमुदीक्षते ।
तस्य वायुरुजात्यर्थं नेत्रयोर्भवति ध्रुवम् ॥७३॥

73. netrābhyāṁ sarujābhyāṁ yaḥ prativātamudīkṣate ,
tasya vāyurujātyarthaṁ netrayorbhavati dhruvam.

73. netrābhyām sarujābhyām yaḥ prativātam udīkṣate
tasya vāyuḥ rujātyartham netrayoḥ bhavati dhruvam

73. yaḥ sarujābhyām netrābhyām prativātam udīkṣate,
tasya netrayoḥ vāyuḥ rujātyartham dhruvam bhavati

73. He who looks against the wind with his two painful eyes, for him the wind certainly becomes exceedingly painful for his eyes.

Words meanings summery:

• नेत्राभ्याम् (netrābhyām) - with two eyes, by means of two eyes

• सरुजाभ्याम् (sarujābhyām) - qualifying the two eyes (with two painful, diseased)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• प्रतिवातम् (prativātam) - against the wind, in the face of the wind

• उदीक्षते (udīkṣate) - he looks up, gazes, observes

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind, air

• रुजात्यर्थम् (rujātyartham) - exceedingly painful, greatly causing pain

• नेत्रयोः (netrayoḥ) - of the two eyes, for the two eyes

• भवति (bhavati) - it becomes, it is

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, surely, fixedly

Words meanings and morphology

नेत्राभ्याम् (netrābhyām) - with two eyes, by means of two eyes

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of netra

netra - eye, leader

From root nī (to lead) with suffix -tra.

Root: nī (class 1)

सरुजाभ्याम् (sarujābhyām) - qualifying the two eyes (with two painful, diseased)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of saruja

saruja - painful, diseased, afflicted with pain

Compound of 'sa' (with) and 'ruja' (pain, disease).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+ruja)

• sa – with, together with, possessing
  indeclinable
• ruja – pain, sickness, disease
  noun (feminine)
  From root ruj (to break, cause pain).
  Root: ruj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'netrābhyām'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

प्रतिवातम् (prativātam) - against the wind, in the face of the wind

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'prati' (against) and 'vāta' (wind). Used adverbially.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+vāta)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  From root vā (to blow).
  Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Used adverbially.

उदीक्षते (udīkṣate) - he looks up, gazes, observes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ud-īkṣ

Present Tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd Person Singular

Derived from root īkṣ (to see, look) with upasarga ud- (up, forth).

Prefix: ud

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind, air

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, vital breath

From root vā (to blow).

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Subject of the main clause.

रुजात्यर्थम् (rujātyartham) - exceedingly painful, greatly causing pain

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'rujā' (pain) and 'atyartha' (exceeding). Used adverbially here.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (rujā+atyartha)

• rujā – pain, sickness
  noun (feminine)
  From root ruj (to break, cause pain).
  Root: ruj (class 1)
• atyartha – exceeding, excessive, very much
  adjective (neuter)
  Compound of 'ati' (over, beyond) and 'artha' (purpose, meaning, thing).
  Prefix: ati

Note: Used adverbially.

नेत्रयोः (netrayoḥ) - of the two eyes, for the two eyes

(noun)

neuter, dual of netra

netra - eye, leader

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Used in a dative sense 'for the eyes'.

भवति (bhavati) - it becomes, it is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

Derived from root bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, surely, fixedly

(indeclinable)

Root: dhru (class 1)