महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-137, verse-50

पूजन्युवाच ।
यदि कालः प्रमाणं ते न वैरं कस्यचिद्भवेत् ।
कस्मात्त्वपचितिं यान्ति बान्धवा बान्धवे हते ॥५०॥

50. pūjanyuvāca ,
yadi kālaḥ pramāṇaṁ te na vairaṁ kasyacidbhavet ,
kasmāttvapacitiṁ yānti bāndhavā bāndhave hate.

50. Pūjanyu uvāca yadi kālaḥ pramāṇam te na vairam kasyacit
bhavet kasmāt tu apacitim yānti bāndhavāḥ bāndhave hate

50. Pūjanyu uvāca yadi kālaḥ pramāṇam te kasyacit vairam na
bhavet kasmāt bāndhave hate bāndhavāḥ tu apacitim yānti

50. Pūjanyu said: "If time (kāla) is the ultimate authority for you, then no one would ever bear enmity. Why, then, do relatives seek vengeance when a kinsman is slain?"

Words meanings summery:

• पूजन्यु (pūjanyu) - The sage Pūjanyu, who is speaking these verses. (Pūjanyu (a name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Pūjanyu said. (said, spoke)

• यदि (yadi) - introduces a conditional clause (if, in case)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, as a determining factor or ultimate power (time, season, period)

• प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - the ultimate authority or standard (authority, measure, proof, standard)

• ते (te) - for you (referring to the interlocutor) (to you, for you, of you, your)

• न (na) - negation of the verb 'bhavet' (not, no)

• वैरम् (vairam) - state of hostility (enmity, hostility, hatred)

• कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone (implying 'no one') (of someone, of anyone)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would exist, would arise (should be, would be, might be)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - introduces a rhetorical question: "why then?" (why, from what, for what reason)

• तु (tu) - "then" or "on the other hand", indicating a contrast or a sequence. (but, on the other hand, indeed, then)

• अपचितिम् (apacitim) - retaliation, vengeance (reverence, worship, veneration, retaliation, revenge)

• यान्ति (yānti) - they seek, they obtain (vengeance) (they go, they move, they attain)

• बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - kinsmen, family members (relatives, kinsmen, friends)

• बान्धवे (bāndhave) - when a kinsman (is killed) (locative absolute construction) (in a relative, when a relative)

• हते (hate) - when [a kinsman] is killed (locative absolute construction) (killed, slain, struck)

Words meanings and morphology

पूजन्यु (pūjanyu) - The sage Pūjanyu, who is speaking these verses. (Pūjanyu (a name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Pūjanyu

Pūjanyu - Name of a sage or speaker in a narrative.

उवाच (uvāca) - Pūjanyu said. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (Lit) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यदि (yadi) - introduces a conditional clause (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, as a determining factor or ultimate power (time, season, period)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, duration, death, fate

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - the ultimate authority or standard (authority, measure, proof, standard)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - measure, scale, standard, proof, authority, means of knowledge

from pra- + √mā (to measure)

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 3)

ते (te) - for you (referring to the interlocutor) (to you, for you, of you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (2nd person pronoun)

न (na) - negation of the verb 'bhavet' (not, no)

(indeclinable)

वैरम् (vairam) - state of hostility (enmity, hostility, hatred)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - hostility, enmity, hatred, revenge

Often derived from 'vīra' (hero) meaning 'hero's deed' or 'hostility towards a hero'.

कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone (implying 'no one') (of someone, of anyone)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of kimcid

kimcid - someone, something, anyone, anything (indefinite pronoun)

from kim (who/what) + cit (indefinite particle)

Note: Masculine/neuter form.

भवेत् (bhavet) - would exist, would arise (should be, would be, might be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of bhū

optative mood

3rd person singular optative active of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used for potential or conditional statements.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - introduces a rhetorical question: "why then?" (why, from what, for what reason)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of kim, used adverbially.

Note: Adverbial use of ablative singular of 'kim'.

तु (tu) - "then" or "on the other hand", indicating a contrast or a sequence. (but, on the other hand, indeed, then)

(indeclinable)

अपचितिम् (apacitim) - retaliation, vengeance (reverence, worship, veneration, retaliation, revenge)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of apaciti

apaciti - reverence, respect, worship, retaliation, revenge, requital

from apa- + √ci (to gather, observe); derived from the root `ci` with prefix `apa`, denoting either respect (paying attention) or requital (paying back).

Prefix: apa

Root: ci (class 5)

यान्ति (yānti) - they seek, they obtain (vengeance) (they go, they move, they attain)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of yā

present tense

3rd person plural present active of √yā

Root: yā (class 2)

बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - kinsmen, family members (relatives, kinsmen, friends)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - a relative, kinsman, friend, connection

from bandhu (relation) + aṇ (suffix)

Root: bandh

बान्धवे (bāndhave) - when a kinsman (is killed) (locative absolute construction) (in a relative, when a relative)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bāndhava

bāndhava - a relative, kinsman, friend, connection

from bandhu (relation) + aṇ (suffix)

Root: bandh

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

हते (hate) - when [a kinsman] is killed (locative absolute construction) (killed, slain, struck)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed, struck

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √han

Root: han (class 2)