महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-137, verse-55

अहं हि पुत्रशोकेन कृतपापा तवात्मजे ।
तथा त्वया प्रहर्तव्यं मयि तत्त्वं च मे शृणु ॥५५॥

55. ahaṁ hi putraśokena kṛtapāpā tavātmaje ,
tathā tvayā prahartavyaṁ mayi tattvaṁ ca me śṛṇu.

55. aham hi putraśokena kṛtapāpā tava ātmaje |
tathā tvayā prahartavyam mayi tattvam ca me śṛṇu

55. aham hi putraśokena tava ātmaje kṛtapāpā.
tathā tvayā mayi prahartavyam,
ca me tattvam śṛṇu.

55. Indeed, grieved by the loss of my son, I committed a sin against your son. Therefore, you must punish me, and hear the truth (tattva) from me.

Words meanings summery:

• अहम् (aham) - I

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• पुत्रशोकेन (putraśokena) - by grief for my (the speaker's) son (by grief for a son, due to sorrow for a child)

• कृतपापा (kṛtapāpā) - having committed a sin, sinful

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• आत्मजे (ātmaje) - regarding your son (in/on/regarding a son, in/on/regarding the self)

• तथा (tathā) - therefore (thus, so, therefore)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• प्रहर्तव्यम् (prahartavyam) - punishment must be inflicted (to be struck, to be punished, to be injured)

• मयि (mayi) - upon me (as the object of punishment) (in me, on me, upon me)

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the truth (of the situation/her reasoning) (truth, reality, essence, principle)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मे (me) - from me (to me, for me, from me, my)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

Words meanings and morphology

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Refers to the speaker.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

पुत्रशोकेन (putraśokena) - by grief for my (the speaker's) son (by grief for a son, due to sorrow for a child)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putraśoka

putraśoka - grief for a son

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+śoka)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Denotes the cause or means.

कृतपापा (kṛtapāpā) - having committed a sin, sinful

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛtapāpa

kṛtapāpa - one who has committed a sin

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kṛta+pāpa)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -ta.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• pāpa – sin, evil, bad deed
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Qualifies 'ātmaje'.

आत्मजे (ātmaje) - regarding your son (in/on/regarding a son, in/on/regarding the self)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, offspring, born from oneself

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix indicating 'born from'.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the king's son.

तथा (tathā) - therefore (thus, so, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the previous statement to the consequence.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent of the gerundive 'prahartavyam'.

प्रहर्तव्यम् (prahartavyam) - punishment must be inflicted (to be struck, to be punished, to be injured)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prahartavya

prahartavya - to be struck, to be attacked, to be punished

Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)

Derived from root hṛ (to take, carry) with prefix pra- and suffix -tavya.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Used impersonally, implies 'an action of striking/punishment' is to be done.

मयि (mayi) - upon me (as the object of punishment) (in me, on me, upon me)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Denotes the object of action.

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the truth (of the situation/her reasoning) (truth, reality, essence, principle)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

Note: Object of 'śṛṇu'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

मे (me) - from me (to me, for me, from me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Dative sense: 'listen to me'. Ablative sense: 'listen from me'.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative Mood, Active Voice (Parasmaipada) 2nd Person Singular

Root śru, 5th class verb. Here, it is 2nd person singular imperative.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Command to the king.