महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-137, verse-62

यस्तु शोचति दुःखार्तः स कथं वक्तुमुत्सहेत् ।
रसज्ञः सर्वदुःखस्य यथात्मनि तथा परे ॥६२॥

62. yastu śocati duḥkhārtaḥ sa kathaṁ vaktumutsahet ,
rasajñaḥ sarvaduḥkhasya yathātmani tathā pare.

62. yaḥ tu śocati duḥkhārtaḥ saḥ katham vaktum utsahet
rasajñaḥ sarvaduḥkhasya yathā ātmani tathā pare

62. yaḥ tu duḥkhārtaḥ śocati,
saḥ katham vaktum utsahet? sarvaduḥkhasya rasajñaḥ yathā ātmani tathā pare.

62. He who grieves, afflicted by sorrow, how can he dare to speak? For he is one who understands the essence of all suffering, experiencing it both within his own self (ātman) and in others.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• शोचति (śocati) - grieves, laments

• दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - afflicted by sorrow, distressed by suffering

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

• उत्सहेत् (utsahet) - would be able, would dare, might attempt

• रसज्ञः (rasajñaḥ) - one who understands the essence of sorrow (knowing the essence, experiencing the taste/feeling, connoisseur)

• सर्वदुःखस्य (sarvaduḥkhasya) - of all suffering, of all sorrow

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - in oneself, in the self (ātman)

• तथा (tathā) - so, likewise

• परे (pare) - in another, in others

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

शोचति (śocati) - grieves, laments

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of śoc

present active

3rd person singular, present indicative, parasmaipada

Root: śuc (class 1)

दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - afflicted by sorrow, distressed by suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by sorrow, distressed by suffering

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'ṛ' (to go, to attain) with prefix 'ā' or directly from 'ārt' (to pain)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

(verbal derivative)

उत्सहेत् (utsahet) - would be able, would dare, might attempt

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of utsah

optative active

3rd person singular, optative active, parasmaipada, from root 'sah' with prefix 'ut'

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)

रसज्ञः (rasajñaḥ) - one who understands the essence of sorrow (knowing the essence, experiencing the taste/feeling, connoisseur)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rasajña

rasajña - knowing the essence/taste/feeling, connoisseur

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rasa+jña)

• rasa – essence, taste, feeling, juice
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, conversant with, skilled in
  adjective (masculine)
  kṛt suffix
  from root 'jñā' (to know) with suffix 'ka'
  Root: jñā (class 9)

सर्वदुःखस्य (sarvaduḥkhasya) - of all suffering, of all sorrow

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sarvaduḥkha

sarvaduḥkha - all sorrow, all suffering

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+duḥkha)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (masculine)
• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain
  noun (neuter)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as

(indeclinable)

आत्मनि (ātmani) - in oneself, in the self (ātman)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essential nature

तथा (tathā) - so, likewise

(indeclinable)

परे (pare) - in another, in others

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant