महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-137, verse-59

दुःखं जरा ब्रह्मदत्त दुःखमर्थविपर्ययः ।
दुःखं चानिष्टसंवासो दुःखमिष्टवियोगजम् ॥५९॥

59. duḥkhaṁ jarā brahmadatta duḥkhamarthaviparyayaḥ ,
duḥkhaṁ cāniṣṭasaṁvāso duḥkhamiṣṭaviyogajam.

59. duḥkham jarā brahmadatta duḥkham arthaviparyayaḥ
duḥkham ca aniṣṭasaṃvāsaḥ duḥkham iṣṭaviyogajam

59. brahmadatta jarā duḥkham arthaviparyayaḥ duḥkham
aniṣṭasaṃvāsaḥ ca duḥkham iṣṭaviyogajam duḥkham

59. O Brahmadatta, old age is suffering. The loss of wealth is suffering. Living with undesirable people is suffering, and suffering also arises from separation from beloved ones.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, sorrow

• जरा (jarā) - old age, decrepitude

• ब्रह्मदत्त (brahmadatta) - O Brahmadatta

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, sorrow

• अर्थविपर्ययः (arthaviparyayaḥ) - reversal of fortune, loss of wealth

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, sorrow

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनिष्टसंवासः (aniṣṭasaṁvāsaḥ) - association with undesirable people/things, living with the unpleasant

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, sorrow

• इष्टवियोगजम् (iṣṭaviyogajam) - born of separation from beloved ones, arising from separation from dear ones

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, sorrow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

जरा (jarā) - old age, decrepitude

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decrepitude, decay

Root: jṝ (class 1)

ब्रह्मदत्त (brahmadatta) - O Brahmadatta

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahmadatta

brahmadatta - given by Brahma; a proper name

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, sorrow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

अर्थविपर्ययः (arthaviparyayaḥ) - reversal of fortune, loss of wealth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthaviparyaya

arthaviparyaya - reversal of fortune, loss of wealth, unfavorable change of circumstances

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+viparyaya)

• artha – wealth, property, purpose, meaning
  noun (masculine)
• viparyaya – reversal, inversion, contrary state
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: vi+pari
  Root: i (class 2)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, sorrow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अनिष्टसंवासः (aniṣṭasaṁvāsaḥ) - association with undesirable people/things, living with the unpleasant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aniṣṭasaṃvāsa

aniṣṭasaṁvāsa - association with the undesirable, living with unpleasant things/people

Compound type : tatpurusha (aniṣṭa+saṃvāsa)

• aniṣṭa – undesirable, unpleasant, disliked (lit. not wished)
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Negated PPP from √iṣ 'to wish'
  Prefix: an
  Root: iṣ (class 6)
• saṃvāsa – living together, association, residence
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vas (class 1)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, sorrow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

इष्टवियोगजम् (iṣṭaviyogajam) - born of separation from beloved ones, arising from separation from dear ones

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of iṣṭaviyogaja

iṣṭaviyogaja - born of separation from loved ones

Compound type : tatpurusha (iṣṭa+viyoga+ja)

• iṣṭa – desired, beloved, dear, wished for (PPP)
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP from √iṣ 'to wish'
  Root: iṣ (class 6)
• viyoga – separation, disjunction, absence
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• ja – born, produced, caused by
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -ja from root √jan 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)