महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-137, verse-103

यस्तु रञ्जयते राजा पौरजानपदान्गुणैः ।
न तस्य भ्रश्यते राज्यं गुणधर्मानुपालनात् ॥१०३॥

103. yastu rañjayate rājā paurajānapadānguṇaiḥ ,
na tasya bhraśyate rājyaṁ guṇadharmānupālanāt.

103. yaḥ tu rañjayate rājā paurajānapadān guṇaiḥ
na tasya bhraśyate rājyam guṇadharmānupālanāt

103. yaḥ rājā tu guṇaiḥ paurajānapadān rañjayate
tasya rājyam guṇadharmānupālanāt na bhraśyate

103. The king who pleases the citizens and country dwellers with his virtues, his kingdom does not decline because of his adherence to the intrinsic nature (dharma) of those virtues.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, however

• रञ्जयते (rañjayate) - he delights, he pleases, he gladdens

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• पौरजानपदान् (paurajānapadān) - the citizens and country folk

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by (his) virtues, by good qualities

• न (na) - not

• तस्य (tasya) - of that king (his, its, of that)

• भ्रश्यते (bhraśyate) - it declines (kingdom) (it falls, it perishes, it deviates, it declines)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

• गुणधर्मानुपालनात् (guṇadharmānupālanāt) - because of his adherence to the intrinsic nature (dharma) of those virtues (due to the observance of the qualities of dharma, from following virtuous natural law)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, however

(indeclinable)

रञ्जयते (rañjayate) - he delights, he pleases, he gladdens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of rañjay

Present Middle

Causative from root √rañj (to color, be pleased). The ātm. ending is common for causatives.

Root: rañj (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

पौरजानपदान् (paurajānapadān) - the citizens and country folk

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of paurajānapada

paurajānapada - citizens and country people (compound)

Dvandva compound of paura (citizen) and jānapada (country dweller)

Compound type : dvandva (paura+jānapada)

• paura – citizen, city dweller
  noun (masculine)
• jānapada – country dweller, inhabitant of a district
  noun (masculine)

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by (his) virtues, by good qualities

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, merit, excellence, thread

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - of that king (his, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative/anaphoric pronoun)

भ्रश्यते (bhraśyate) - it declines (kingdom) (it falls, it perishes, it deviates, it declines)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhraś

Present Middle

From root √bhraṃś (to fall, to drop). Often used in middle voice with passive sense.

Root: bhraṃś (class 1)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, realm, dominion

Derived from rājan (king)

गुणधर्मानुपालनात् (guṇadharmānupālanāt) - because of his adherence to the intrinsic nature (dharma) of those virtues (due to the observance of the qualities of dharma, from following virtuous natural law)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of guṇadharmānupālana

guṇadharmānupālana - observance of the qualities of dharma, adherence to virtuous natural law

Compound: guṇa (quality) + dharma (natural law) + anupālana (observance)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+dharma+anupālana)

• guṇa – quality, virtue, merit
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• anupālana – observance, adherence, protection, maintenance
  noun (neuter)
  From root √pāl (to protect) with upasarga anu-
  Prefix: anu
  Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Here, the ablative signifies cause or reason.