महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-137, verse-53

प्रलापः क्रियते कस्मात्सुमहाञ्शोकमूर्छितैः ।
यदि कालः प्रमाणं ते कस्माद्धर्मोऽस्ति कर्तृषु ॥५३॥

53. pralāpaḥ kriyate kasmātsumahāñśokamūrchitaiḥ ,
yadi kālaḥ pramāṇaṁ te kasmāddharmo'sti kartṛṣu.

53. pralāpaḥ kriyate kasmāt sumahān śokamūrcchitaiḥ
yadi kālaḥ pramāṇam te kasmāt dharmaḥ asti kartṛṣu

53. kasmāt sumahān pralāpaḥ śokamūrcchitaiḥ kriyate
yadi kālaḥ pramāṇam te kasmāt dharmaḥ asti kartṛṣu

53. Why is such great lamentation made by those overcome with grief? If time (kāla) is the ultimate authority for you, why then does the principle of natural law (dharma) exist for those who act (kartṛ)?

Words meanings summery:

• प्रलापः (pralāpaḥ) - expressions of deep sorrow, wailing (lamentation, idle talk, delirium, murmuring)

• क्रियते (kriyate) - lamentation is uttered or expressed (it is done, it is made, it is performed)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - introduces a rhetorical question: "why?" (why, from what, for what reason)

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - extremely great, intense (lamentation) (very great, very large, immense)

• शोकमूर्च्छितैः (śokamūrcchitaiḥ) - by individuals who are overwhelmed and incapacitated by sorrow (by those unconscious from grief, by those overcome by sorrow)

• यदि (yadi) - introduces a conditional clause (if, in case)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, as a determining factor or ultimate power (time, season, period)

• प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - the ultimate authority or standard (authority, measure, proof, standard)

• ते (te) - for you (referring to the interlocutor) (to you, for you, of you, your)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - introduces a rhetorical question: "why?" (why, from what, for what reason)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the principle of natural or moral law; righteous conduct (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution)

• अस्ति (asti) - exists, has relevance (is, exists)

• कर्तृषु (kartṛṣu) - among those who perform actions and are responsible for them (among doers, among agents, among performers)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रलापः (pralāpaḥ) - expressions of deep sorrow, wailing (lamentation, idle talk, delirium, murmuring)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pralāpa

pralāpa - lamentation, wailing, idle talk, delirium, talking nonsense

From pra- + √lap (to speak) + ghañ (suffix).

Prefix: pra

Root: lap (class 1)

क्रियते (kriyate) - lamentation is uttered or expressed (it is done, it is made, it is performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (Laṭ) of kṛ

present tense, passive voice

3rd person singular present passive of √kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - introduces a rhetorical question: "why?" (why, from what, for what reason)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of kim, used adverbially.

Note: Adverbial use of ablative singular of 'kim'.

सुमहान् (sumahān) - extremely great, intense (lamentation) (very great, very large, immense)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, immense, excellent

Compound of su- (good/very) and mahat (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating intensity or excellence
• mahat – great, large, vast, noble
  adjective

Note: Agrees with `pralāpaḥ`.

शोकमूर्च्छितैः (śokamūrcchitaiḥ) - by individuals who are overwhelmed and incapacitated by sorrow (by those unconscious from grief, by those overcome by sorrow)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śokamūrcchita

śokamūrcchita - unconscious from grief, fainted from sorrow, overcome by sorrow

Tatpurusha compound: 'mūrcchita' by 'śoka'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+mūrcchita)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation, distress
  noun (masculine)
  From √śuc (to sorrow)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• mūrcchita – fainted, unconscious, stupefied, bewildered, swollen
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of √mūrcch (to faint, grow thick)
  Root: mūrcch (class 1)

Note: Acts as the agent for the passive verb `kriyate`.

यदि (yadi) - introduces a conditional clause (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, as a determining factor or ultimate power (time, season, period)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, duration, death, fate

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - the ultimate authority or standard (authority, measure, proof, standard)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - measure, scale, standard, proof, authority, means of knowledge

from pra- + √mā (to measure)

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 3)

ते (te) - for you (referring to the interlocutor) (to you, for you, of you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (2nd person pronoun)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - introduces a rhetorical question: "why?" (why, from what, for what reason)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of kim, used adverbially.

Note: Adverbial use of ablative singular of 'kim'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the principle of natural or moral law; righteous conduct (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, virtue, natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, religion, justice

From √dhṛ (to hold, to support) + man (suffix).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अस्ति (asti) - exists, has relevance (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of as

3rd person singular present active of √as

Root: as (class 2)

कर्तृषु (kartṛṣu) - among those who perform actions and are responsible for them (among doers, among agents, among performers)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of kartṛ

kartṛ - doer, agent, creator, performer, author

agent noun

Agent noun from √kṛ (to do) + tṛc (suffix).

Root: kṛ (class 8)