महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-137, verse-31

ब्रह्मदत्त उवाच ।
यत्कृते प्रतिकुर्याद्वै न स तत्रापराध्नुयात् ।
अनृणस्तेन भवति वस पूजनि मा गमः ॥३१॥

31. brahmadatta uvāca ,
yatkṛte pratikuryādvai na sa tatrāparādhnuyāt ,
anṛṇastena bhavati vasa pūjani mā gamaḥ.

31. brahmadatta uvāca yat kṛte pratikuryāt vai na sa tatra
aparādhnuyāt anṛṇaḥ tena bhavati vasa pūjani mā gamaḥ

31. brahmadatta uvāca saḥ yat kṛte vai pratikuryāt tatra na
aparādhnuyāt tena anṛṇaḥ bhavati pūjani vasa mā gamaḥ

31. Brahmadatta said: "Whoever retaliates for a deed, he does not commit an offense in that regard. By that, he becomes debt-free. O revered lady, stay; do not go."

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मदत्त (brahmadatta) - Name of the speaker, Brahmadatta. (given by Brahmā, name of a king/sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• कृते (kṛte) - for a deed, in return for an action (for the sake of, on account of)

• प्रतिकुर्यात् (pratikuryāt) - one would retaliate, one would act in return

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• न (na) - not, no

• स (sa) - he, that

• तत्र (tatra) - in that matter/action (there, in that, in that regard)

• अपराध्नुयात् (aparādhnuyāt) - one would not offend, one would not transgress

• अनृणः (anṛṇaḥ) - debt-free, un-indebted

• तेन (tena) - by that, by him, therefore

• भवति (bhavati) - he/she/it becomes, is

• वस (vasa) - dwell, stay, live

• पूजनि (pūjani) - O revered one, O worshipful one

• मा (mā) - do not

• गमः (gamaḥ) - go

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मदत्त (brahmadatta) - Name of the speaker, Brahmadatta. (given by Brahmā, name of a king/sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmadatta

brahmadatta - given by Brahma, a proper name

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahma+datta)

• brahman – Brahmā (the creator god), sacred knowledge, ultimate reality (brahman)
  noun (masculine)
• datta – given, granted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dā (to give) + kta.
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect indicative, 3rd person singular

From root vac (to speak), perfect tense form.

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Neuter singular, used here adverbially or as object of implied action, 'that for which'.

कृते (kṛte) - for a deed, in return for an action (for the sake of, on account of)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, deed, action

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do) + kta.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Locative singular of kṛta, functioning as an indeclinable 'for the sake of' or 'on account of (a deed)'.

प्रतिकुर्यात् (pratikuryāt) - one would retaliate, one would act in return

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of pratikṛ

Optative, 3rd person singular

From root kṛ (to do) with prefix prati (in return) + optative ending.

Prefix: prati

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses potential or desirable action.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphasizing particle.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negating particle.

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Nominative singular masculine of tad.

तत्र (tatra) - in that matter/action (there, in that, in that regard)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad + tra suffix.

Note: Adverb of place or context.

अपराध्नुयात् (aparādhnuyāt) - one would not offend, one would not transgress

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of aparādh

Optative, 3rd person singular

From root rādh with prefix apa + optative ending.

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 5)

अनृणः (anṛṇaḥ) - debt-free, un-indebted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anṛṇa

anṛṇa - debt-free, un-indebted

Negative prefix an- + ṛṇa (debt).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ṛṇa)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle used before vowels.
• ṛṇa – debt, obligation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicative adjective with bhavati.

तेन (tena) - by that, by him, therefore

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Instrumental singular, referring to the act of retaliation.

भवति (bhavati) - he/she/it becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present indicative, 3rd person singular

From root bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

वस (vasa) - dwell, stay, live

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vas

Imperative, 2nd person singular

From root vas (to dwell).

Root: vas (class 1)

पूजनि (pūjani) - O revered one, O worshipful one

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of pūjanī

pūjanī - worshipful, revered, venerable (feminine)

Gerundive (feminine)

From root pūj (to honor, worship) + anīya suffix.

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Refers to the addressed person (Pūjanī).

मा (mā) - do not

(indeclinable)

Used for prohibition with the Aorist or Subjunctive.

Note: Used with aorist for prohibition.

गमः (gamaḥ) - go

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist prohibitive (luṅ) of gam

Aorist subjunctive/injunctive, 2nd person singular

From root gam (to go), aorist ending used with mā for prohibition.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Prohibitive aorist, second person singular.