महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-137, verse-52

भिषजो भेषजं कर्तुं कस्मादिच्छन्ति रोगिणे ।
यदि कालेन पच्यन्ते भेषजैः किं प्रयोजनम् ॥५२॥

52. bhiṣajo bheṣajaṁ kartuṁ kasmādicchanti rogiṇe ,
yadi kālena pacyante bheṣajaiḥ kiṁ prayojanam.

52. bhiṣajaḥ bheṣajam kartum kasmāt icchanti rogiṇe
yadi kālena pacyante bheṣajaiḥ kim prayojanam

52. kasmāt bhiṣajaḥ rogiṇe bheṣajam kartum icchanti
yadi kālena pacyante bheṣajaiḥ kim prayojanam

52. Why do doctors (bhiṣaja) wish to administer medicine to a patient? If all matters ripen or come to fruition by time (kāla) alone, what is the purpose of medicines?

Words meanings summery:

• भिषजः (bhiṣajaḥ) - medical practitioners (physicians, doctors, healers)

• भेषजम् (bheṣajam) - a medicinal substance (medicine, remedy, drug)

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to administer (medicine) (to do, to make, to perform)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - introduces a rhetorical question: "why?" (why, from what, for what reason)

• इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they want to, they seek to (they wish, they desire, they intend)

• रोगिणे (rogiṇe) - for the benefit of the ill individual (for the sick person, to the patient)

• यदि (yadi) - introduces a conditional clause (if, in case)

• कालेन (kālena) - by the agency of time (by time, by destiny)

• पच्यन्ते (pacyante) - they come to fruition, they mature (referring to results or events) (they are cooked, they ripen, they mature, they are brought to completion)

• भेषजैः (bheṣajaiḥ) - through the use of medicinal substances (by medicines, with remedies)

• किम् (kim) - what (purpose) (what, why, what for)

• प्रयोजनम् (prayojanam) - the utility or benefit (purpose, object, use, motive, cause)

Words meanings and morphology

भिषजः (bhiṣajaḥ) - medical practitioners (physicians, doctors, healers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhiṣaj

bhiṣaj - physician, doctor, healer, medic

Root: bhiṣaj

भेषजम् (bheṣajam) - a medicinal substance (medicine, remedy, drug)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bheṣaja

bheṣaja - medicine, remedy, cure, drug

From bhiṣaj (physician) + aṇ (suffix), meaning 'belonging to a physician' or 'a thing for healing'.

Note: Object of `kartum`.

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to administer (medicine) (to do, to make, to perform)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive of √kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - introduces a rhetorical question: "why?" (why, from what, for what reason)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of kim, used adverbially.

Note: Adverbial use of ablative singular of 'kim'.

इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they want to, they seek to (they wish, they desire, they intend)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of iṣ

present tense

3rd person plural present active of √iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

रोगिणे (rogiṇe) - for the benefit of the ill individual (for the sick person, to the patient)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of rogin

rogin - sick, diseased, ill; a patient, a sick person

From roga (sickness) + in (possessive suffix).

Root: ruj

यदि (yadi) - introduces a conditional clause (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

कालेन (kālena) - by the agency of time (by time, by destiny)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, duration, death, fate

पच्यन्ते (pacyante) - they come to fruition, they mature (referring to results or events) (they are cooked, they ripen, they mature, they are brought to completion)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (Laṭ) of pac

present tense, passive voice

3rd person plural present passive of √pac

Root: pac (class 1)

भेषजैः (bheṣajaiḥ) - through the use of medicinal substances (by medicines, with remedies)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of bheṣaja

bheṣaja - medicine, remedy, cure, drug

From bhiṣaj (physician) + aṇ (suffix).

किम् (kim) - what (purpose) (what, why, what for)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

Neuter nominative/accusative singular. Used adverbially or as pronoun.

प्रयोजनम् (prayojanam) - the utility or benefit (purpose, object, use, motive, cause)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prayojana

prayojana - purpose, object, aim, use, motive, cause, utility

From pra- + √yuj (to join) + ana (suffix).

Prefix: pra

Root: yuj (class 7)