महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-137, verse-105

नित्योद्विग्नाः प्रजा यस्य करभारप्रपीडिताः ।
अनर्थैर्विप्रलुप्यन्ते स गच्छति पराभवम् ॥१०५॥

105. nityodvignāḥ prajā yasya karabhāraprapīḍitāḥ ,
anarthairvipralupyante sa gacchati parābhavam.

105. nitya udvignāḥ prajāḥ yasya karabhāraprapīḍitāḥ
anarthaiḥ vipralupyante saḥ gacchati parābhavam

105. yasya prajāḥ nitya udvignāḥ karabhāraprapīḍitāḥ ca
anarthaiḥ vipralupyante saḥ parābhavam gacchati

105. The one whose subjects are constantly agitated and oppressed by the burden of taxes, and are plundered by misfortunes — he goes to ruin.

Words meanings summery:

• नित्य (nitya) - constantly, always, perpetual

• उद्विग्नाः (udvignāḥ) - agitated, distressed, perturbed, anxious

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, progeny

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• करभारप्रपीडिताः (karabhāraprapīḍitāḥ) - oppressed by the burden of taxes

• अनर्थैः (anarthaiḥ) - by misfortunes, by evils, by calamities

• विप्रलुप्यन्ते (vipralupyante) - they are plundered, they are destroyed, they are made to disappear

• सः (saḥ) - that king (he (that king))

• गच्छति (gacchati) - he goes (to ruin) (he goes, he obtains, he reaches)

• पराभवम् (parābhavam) - defeat, ruin, humiliation, overthrow

Words meanings and morphology

नित्य (nitya) - constantly, always, perpetual

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nitya

nitya - constant, eternal, permanent, always, perpetual

Often used adverbially.

Note: Used adjectivally with udvignāḥ.

उद्विग्नाः (udvignāḥ) - agitated, distressed, perturbed, anxious

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of udvigna

udvigna - agitated, distressed, alarmed, anxious, perturbed

Past Passive Participle

From root √vij (to tremble, fear) with upasarga ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, progeny

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - subjects, people, offspring, progeny

Note: Subject of the clause.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Connects to the main clause's subject saḥ.

करभारप्रपीडिताः (karabhāraprapīḍitāḥ) - oppressed by the burden of taxes

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of karabhāraprapīḍita

karabhāraprapīḍita - oppressed by the burden of taxes

Past Passive Participle

Compound: kara (tax) + bhāra (burden) + prapīḍita (oppressed). prapīḍita from √pīḍ with pra-.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kara+bhāra+prapīḍita)

• kara – tax, tribute, hand
  noun (masculine)
• bhāra – burden, weight, load
  noun (masculine)
• prapīḍita – oppressed, tormented, afflicted
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √pīḍ (to oppress) with upasarga pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

अनर्थैः (anarthaiḥ) - by misfortunes, by evils, by calamities

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anartha

anartha - misfortune, evil, calamity, uselessness

Negative compound: an- (not) + artha (purpose, wealth, benefit)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+artha)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• artha – purpose, object, wealth, benefit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive verb vipralupyante.

विप्रलुप्यन्ते (vipralupyante) - they are plundered, they are destroyed, they are made to disappear

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of vipralup

Present Passive

From root √lup (to cut, destroy, plunder) with upasargas vi- and pra-. Passive voice indicated by -ya- infix and middle endings.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: lup (class 6)

सः (saḥ) - that king (he (that king))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

गच्छति (gacchati) - he goes (to ruin) (he goes, he obtains, he reaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Active

From root √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Often takes an accusative object, here parābhavam.

पराभवम् (parābhavam) - defeat, ruin, humiliation, overthrow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parābhava

parābhava - defeat, ruin, overthrow, humiliation

From root √bhū (to be) with upasarga parā-

Prefix: parā

Root: bhū (class 1)