महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-12, chapter-137, verse-40
कृतवैरे न विश्वासः कार्यस्त्विह सुहृद्यपि ।
छन्नं संतिष्ठते वैरं गूढोऽग्निरिव दारुषु ॥४०॥
छन्नं संतिष्ठते वैरं गूढोऽग्निरिव दारुषु ॥४०॥
40. kṛtavaire na viśvāsaḥ kāryastviha suhṛdyapi ,
channaṁ saṁtiṣṭhate vairaṁ gūḍho'gniriva dāruṣu.
channaṁ saṁtiṣṭhate vairaṁ gūḍho'gniriva dāruṣu.
40.
kṛta-vaire na viśvāsaḥ kāryaḥ tu iha suhṛdi api
channam saṃtiṣṭhate vairam gūḍhaḥ agniḥ iva dāruṣu
channam saṃtiṣṭhate vairam gūḍhaḥ agniḥ iva dāruṣu
40.
iha tu kṛta-vaire suhṛdi api na viśvāsaḥ kāryaḥ
vairam channam saṃtiṣṭhate gūḍhaḥ agniḥ iva dāruṣu
vairam channam saṃtiṣṭhate gūḍhaḥ agniḥ iva dāruṣu
40.
Indeed, one should not place trust in an established enemy, even if they appear as a friend. Enmity (vaira) remains hidden, like fire concealed in wood.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कृत-वैरे (kṛta-vaire) - in someone with whom enmity has been formed or is inherent (in one with established enmity, towards an enemy)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- विश्वासः (viśvāsaḥ) - trust, confidence (trust, confidence, faith)
- कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be placed (i.e., trust should be placed) (to be done, to be made, proper to be done)
- तु (tu) - indeed, but (but, indeed, on the other hand)
- इह (iha) - in this world, in this regard (here, in this world)
- सुहृदि (suhṛdi) - even in a (seeming) friend (in a friend, in a kind-hearted person)
- अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)
- छन्नम् (channam) - hidden, concealed (hidden, concealed, covered)
- संतिष्ठते (saṁtiṣṭhate) - remains, exists (stands, remains, exists, continues)
- वैरम् (vairam) - enmity (enmity, hostility)
- गूढः (gūḍhaḥ) - hidden, concealed (hidden, concealed, secret)
- अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire (as a metaphor for hidden enmity) (fire)
- इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)
- दारुषु (dāruṣu) - in wood (in woods, in logs, in timber)
Words meanings and morphology
कृत-वैरे (kṛta-vaire) - in someone with whom enmity has been formed or is inherent (in one with established enmity, towards an enemy)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of kṛta-vaira
kṛta-vaira - having enmity formed, one with established hostility
Bahuvrīhi compound: "one by whom enmity (vaira) has been made (kṛta)".
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+vaira)
- kṛta – done, made, established
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root kṛ (to do, make).
Root: kṛ (class 8) - vaira – enmity, hostility
noun (neuter)
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
Negative particle.
विश्वासः (viśvāsaḥ) - trust, confidence (trust, confidence, faith)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāsa
viśvāsa - trust, confidence, faith, reliance
From root vi-śvas (to trust).
Prefix: vi
Root: śvas (class 2)
Note: Null as subject of the implied verb "be".
कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be placed (i.e., trust should be placed) (to be done, to be made, proper to be done)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kārya
kārya - to be done, to be made, proper to be done, duty
Gerundive
Gerundive formed from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix ṇyat or yat.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Refers to viśvāsaḥ.
तु (tu) - indeed, but (but, indeed, on the other hand)
(indeclinable)
Particle.
Note: Emphatic particle.
इह (iha) - in this world, in this regard (here, in this world)
(indeclinable)
Adverb.
सुहृदि (suhṛdi) - even in a (seeming) friend (in a friend, in a kind-hearted person)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of suhṛd
suhṛd - friend, well-wisher, kind-hearted
Compound: su (good) + hṛd (heart).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+hṛd)
- su – good, well, excellent
indeclinable
Prefix indicating 'good' or 'well'. - hṛd – heart, mind
noun (neuter)
अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
Particle.
छन्नम् (channam) - hidden, concealed (hidden, concealed, covered)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of channa
chad - to cover, conceal, hide
Past Passive Participle
From root chad (to cover) with suffix kta.
Root: chad (class 10)
Note: Used adjectivally.
संतिष्ठते (saṁtiṣṭhate) - remains, exists (stands, remains, exists, continues)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sthā
present middle indicative
From root sthā with prefix sam-.
Prefix: sam
Root: sthā (class 1)
वैरम् (vairam) - enmity (enmity, hostility)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of vaira
vaira - enmity, hostility, hatred, grudge
Note: Subject of saṃtiṣṭhate.
गूढः (gūḍhaḥ) - hidden, concealed (hidden, concealed, secret)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of gūḍha
guh - to hide, conceal
Past Passive Participle
From root guh (to hide) with suffix kta.
Root: guh (class 1)
Note: Used adjectivally.
अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire (as a metaphor for hidden enmity) (fire)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of agni
agni - fire, god of fire
इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)
(indeclinable)
Particle expressing comparison.
दारुषु (dāruṣu) - in wood (in woods, in logs, in timber)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of dāru
dāru - wood, timber, a log, tree