महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-137, verse-57

वधबन्धभयादेके मोक्षतन्त्रमुपागताः ।
मरणोत्पातजं दुःखमाहुर्धर्मविदो जनाः ॥५७॥

57. vadhabandhabhayādeke mokṣatantramupāgatāḥ ,
maraṇotpātajaṁ duḥkhamāhurdharmavido janāḥ.

57. vadhabandhabhayāt eke mokṣatantram upāgatāḥ |
maraṇotpātajam duḥkham āhuḥ dharmavidaḥ janāḥ

57. eke vadhabandhabhayāt mokṣatantram upāgatāḥ.
dharmavidaḥ janāḥ maraṇotpātajam duḥkham āhuḥ.

57. Some, out of fear of killing and captivity, have resorted to the doctrine of liberation (mokṣa). Those who understand natural law (dharma) say that suffering is born from the calamity of death.

Words meanings summery:

• वधबन्धभयात् (vadhabandhabhayāt) - from the fear of killing and binding/imprisonment

• एके (eke) - some, certain ones

• मोक्षतन्त्रम् (mokṣatantram) - the doctrine/system of liberation

• उपागताः (upāgatāḥ) - have resorted to (approached, resorted to, attained)

• मरणोत्पातजम् (maraṇotpātajam) - born of the calamity of death, arising from mortal distress

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, misery, pain

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they speak

• धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - knowers of dharma, those who know natural law

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

Words meanings and morphology

वधबन्धभयात् (vadhabandhabhayāt) - from the fear of killing and binding/imprisonment

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vadhabandhabhaya

vadhabandhabhaya - fear of killing and binding

Compound type : tatpurusha (vadhabandha+bhaya)

• vadhabandha – killing and binding/imprisonment
  noun (masculine)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Denotes the cause.

एके (eke) - some, certain ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of eka

eka - one, a certain one, some

Note: Subject of 'upāgatāḥ'.

मोक्षतन्त्रम् (mokṣatantram) - the doctrine/system of liberation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mokṣatantra

mokṣatantra - system/doctrine of liberation

Compound type : tatpurusha (mokṣa+tantra)

• mokṣa – liberation, release, freedom
  noun (masculine)
  Root: muc (class 6)
• tantra – loom, system, doctrine, treatise
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Object of 'upāgatāḥ'.

उपागताः (upāgatāḥ) - have resorted to (approached, resorted to, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upāgata

upāgata - approached, resorted to, arrived, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) with prefixes upa- and ā- and suffix -ta.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'eke'.

मरणोत्पातजम् (maraṇotpātajam) - born of the calamity of death, arising from mortal distress

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of maraṇotpātaja

maraṇotpātaja - born of the calamity of death

Compound type : tatpurusha (maraṇa+utpāta+ja)

• maraṇa – death, dying
  noun (neuter)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• utpāta – calamity, disaster, portend
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: pat (class 1)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (neuter)
  Suffix indicating 'born from'.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'duḥkham'.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, misery, pain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, misery, pain, sorrow

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of āha

Perfect Mood (Lit), Active Voice (Parasmaipada), 3rd Person Plural (irregular forms)

Irregular perfect forms of root brū/vac. āha (3rd sg.), āhuḥ (3rd pl.).

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Often used with present meaning.

धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - knowers of dharma, those who know natural law

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of dharma/law/duty

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vid)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  From root vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'āhuḥ'.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Appositive to 'dharmavidaḥ'.