महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-137, verse-39

तत्र दाता निहन्तव्यः क्षत्रियेण विशेषतः ।
प्रकाशं वाप्रकाशं वा बुद्ध्वा देशबलादिकम् ॥३९॥

39. tatra dātā nihantavyaḥ kṣatriyeṇa viśeṣataḥ ,
prakāśaṁ vāprakāśaṁ vā buddhvā deśabalādikam.

39. tatra dātā nihantavyaḥ kṣatriyeṇa viśeṣataḥ
prakāśam vā aprakāśam vā buddhvā deśa-bala-ādikam

39. tatra kṣatriyeṇa viśeṣataḥ dātā nihantavyaḥ
deśa-bala-ādikam buddhvā prakāśam vā aprakāśam vā

39. In such a situation, the instigator should be eliminated, especially by a warrior (kṣatriya), after having assessed the place, strength, and other factors, whether openly or secretly.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in such a situation (of enmity, mentioned in the previous verse) (there, then, in that case)

• दाता (dātā) - the instigator (of enmity) (giver, donor, bestower; instigator (in context))

• निहन्तव्यः (nihantavyaḥ) - should be eliminated/destroyed (to be killed, to be destroyed, to be suppressed)

• क्षत्रियेण (kṣatriyeṇa) - by a warrior (kṣatriya), who is bound by duty to protect (by a warrior (kṣatriya))

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially (especially, particularly, specifically)

• प्रकाशम् (prakāśam) - openly (openly, publicly, visibly)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• अप्रकाशम् (aprakāśam) - secretly (secretly, unmanifest, hidden)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having ascertained/understood (having known, having understood, having ascertained)

• देश-बल-आदिकम् (deśa-bala-ādikam) - the place, strength, and other relevant factors (place, strength, and so on (etc.))

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in such a situation (of enmity, mentioned in the previous verse) (there, then, in that case)

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb from tad.

दाता (dātā) - the instigator (of enmity) (giver, donor, bestower; instigator (in context))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dātṛ

dātṛ - giver, donor, bestower; one who causes or creates

agent noun

From root dā (to give) + tṛc suffix.

Root: dā (class 1)

निहन्तव्यः (nihantavyaḥ) - should be eliminated/destroyed (to be killed, to be destroyed, to be suppressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihantavya

nihantavya - to be killed, destroyed, struck, suppressed

Gerundive (Kartari or Karmani)

Gerundive formed from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni- and suffix tavya.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Implies "should be killed" or "is fit to be killed".

क्षत्रियेण (kṣatriyeṇa) - by a warrior (kṣatriya), who is bound by duty to protect (by a warrior (kṣatriya))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - warrior, member of the kṣatriya (ruling/military) class, protector

Note: Agent of the action nihantavyaḥ.

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially (especially, particularly, specifically)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from viśeṣa (distinction, specialty) + tas suffix.

प्रकाशम् (prakāśam) - openly (openly, publicly, visibly)

(indeclinable)

From pra-kāś (to shine forth).

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

अप्रकाशम् (aprakāśam) - secretly (secretly, unmanifest, hidden)

(indeclinable)

Negative prefix a- + prakāśa.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prakāśa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• prakāśa – light, manifestation, clear, open, public
  adjective (masculine)
  From pra-kāś.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having ascertained/understood (having known, having understood, having ascertained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive formed from root budh with suffix tvā.

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: An indeclinable participle indicating a preceding action.

देश-बल-आदिकम् (deśa-bala-ādikam) - the place, strength, and other relevant factors (place, strength, and so on (etc.))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of deśa-bala-ādika

deśa-bala-ādika - relating to place, strength, and so on; etc.

Compound noun in accusative singular neuter.

Compound type : dvandva (deśa+bala+ādi)

• deśa – place, country, region
  noun (masculine)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
• ādi – beginning, and so on, etc.
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of buddhvā.