महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-88, verse-85

यत्तु सा बृहती श्यामा एकवस्त्रा सभां गता ।
अशृणोत्परुषा वाचस्ततो दुःखतरं नु किम् ॥८५॥

85. yattu sā bṛhatī śyāmā ekavastrā sabhāṁ gatā ,
aśṛṇotparuṣā vācastato duḥkhataraṁ nu kim.

85. yat tu sā bṛhatī śyāmā ekavastrā sabhām gatā
aśṛṇot paruṣāḥ vācaḥ tataḥ duḥkhataram nu kim

85. But what was truly sorrowful was when that tall, dark-complexioned woman, clad in a single garment, was brought to the assembly and heard harsh words. Is there indeed anything more grievous than that?

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - that which (referring to the event) (which, that (relative pronoun))

• तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• सा (sā) - she (Draupadi) (she, that (feminine))

• बृहती (bṛhatī) - tall (referring to Draupadi's stature) (tall, great, mighty)

• श्यामा (śyāmā) - dark-complexioned (Draupadi) (dark-complexioned, dark-hued, youthful woman)

• एकवस्त्रा (ekavastrā) - clad in a single garment (Draupadi) (clad in a single garment)

• सभाम् (sabhām) - to the assembly hall (to the assembly, to the hall)

• गता (gatā) - arrived, brought (gone, arrived, reached)

• अशृणोत् (aśṛṇot) - she heard (heard)

• परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh, cruel (harsh, rough, cruel)

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words (of insult) (words, speeches)

• ततः (tataḥ) - than that (event) (thence, from that, than that)

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more grievous (more sorrowful, more painful)

• नु (nu) - indeed (indeed, then, now)

• किम् (kim) - what? (what?, why?)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - that which (referring to the event) (which, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Refers to the entire situation that follows.

तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Serves to emphasize or introduce a contrast.

सा (sā) - she (Draupadi) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Draupadi.

बृहती (bṛhatī) - tall (referring to Draupadi's stature) (tall, great, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bṛhat

bṛhat - great, large, lofty, strong, tall

From root bṛh (to grow, increase) + at suffix.

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Modifies śyāmā (Draupadi).

श्यामा (śyāmā) - dark-complexioned (Draupadi) (dark-complexioned, dark-hued, youthful woman)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śyāmā

śyāmā - dark-complexioned woman, a young woman in her prime, night

Feminine of śyāma (dark, blackish-blue).

Note: Refers to Draupadi.

एकवस्त्रा (ekavastrā) - clad in a single garment (Draupadi) (clad in a single garment)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ekavastrā

ekavastrā - clad in a single garment, having one piece of clothing

eka (one) + vastra (garment). Feminine form.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+vastra)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral/adjective (neuter)
• vastra – garment, cloth, clothing
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies śyāmā (Draupadi).

सभाम् (sabhām) - to the assembly hall (to the assembly, to the hall)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, meeting-hall, palace

Note: Object of motion for gatā.

गता (gatā) - arrived, brought (gone, arrived, reached)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, reached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) + kta affix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Here, the context implies she was made to go/brought to the assembly.

अशृणोत् (aśṛṇot) - she heard (heard)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śru

Imperfect Active Indicative

Augment a + root śru + ot ending.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Subject is Draupadi (implied by sā).

परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh, cruel (harsh, rough, cruel)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, unkind, violent

Note: Modifies vācaḥ.

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words (of insult) (words, speeches)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - voice, speech, word, utterance

Root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of aśṛṇot.

ततः (tataḥ) - than that (event) (thence, from that, than that)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) with tasil suffix.

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more grievous (more sorrowful, more painful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more sorrowful, more painful, more distressing

Comparative degree of duḥkha (sorrowful) with tarap affix.

Note: Predicate adjective for kim.

नु (nu) - indeed (indeed, then, now)

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what? (what?, why?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, which?, why?

Note: Subject of the implied verb "is".