महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-88, verse-28

आस्ते परिघबाहुः स मध्यमः पाण्डवोऽच्युत ।
अर्जुनेनार्जुनो यः स कृष्ण बाहुसहस्रिणा ।
द्विबाहुः स्पर्धते नित्यमतीतेनापि केशव ॥२८॥

28. āste parighabāhuḥ sa madhyamaḥ pāṇḍavo'cyuta ,
arjunenārjuno yaḥ sa kṛṣṇa bāhusahasriṇā ,
dvibāhuḥ spardhate nityamatītenāpi keśava.

28. āste parighabāhuḥ sa madhyamaḥ
pāṇḍavaḥ acyuta arjunena arjunaḥ yaḥ
sa kṛṣṇa bāhusahasriṇā dvibāhuḥ
spardhate nityam atītena api keśava

28. O Acyuta, how is that middle Pāṇḍava (Bhīma), whose arms are like iron clubs, today? And, O Kṛṣṇa, O Keśava, how is that Arjuna, the two-armed one, who constantly competes even with the deceased thousand-armed Kārtavīrya Arjuna?

Words meanings summery:

• आस्ते (āste) - how is he, how does he remain (he sits, he remains, he is)

• परिघबाहुः (parighabāhuḥ) - referring to Bhīma's powerful arms (one whose arms are like iron clubs, having club-like arms)

• स (sa) - that (middle Pāṇḍava, Bhīma) (that, he)

• मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - the middle Pāṇḍava (Bhīma) (middle, central, second)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Bhīma (son of Pāṇḍu)

• अच्युत (acyuta) - addressing Sañjaya by an epithet of Kṛṣṇa (O infallible one, O imperishable one)

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - the Pāṇḍava Arjuna (Arjuna)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• स (sa) - that (Arjuna) (that, he)

• कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - addressing Sañjaya by an epithet of Kṛṣṇa (O Kṛṣṇa)

• बाहुसहस्रिणा (bāhusahasriṇā) - referring to Kārtavīrya Arjuna, who was famously thousand-armed (with the thousand-armed one)

• द्विबाहुः (dvibāhuḥ) - referring to Pāṇḍava Arjuna, in contrast to Kārtavīrya Arjuna (two-armed)

• स्पर्धते (spardhate) - he competes, he rivals, he challenges

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• अतीतेन (atītena) - by the one (Kārtavīrya Arjuna) who has passed away (by the past, by the deceased, by the one who has passed beyond)

• अपि (api) - even (with the deceased) (even, also, too)

• केशव (keśava) - addressing Sañjaya by an epithet of Kṛṣṇa (O Keśava (epithet for Kṛṣṇa))

Words meanings and morphology

आस्ते (āste) - how is he, how does he remain (he sits, he remains, he is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ās

Present indicative, 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada).

Root: ās (class 2)

परिघबाहुः (parighabāhuḥ) - referring to Bhīma's powerful arms (one whose arms are like iron clubs, having club-like arms)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parighabāhu

parighabāhu - one whose arms are like iron clubs/bars, having powerful arms

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parigha+bāhu)

• parigha – iron club, bolt, bar (of a gate)
  noun (masculine)
• bāhu – arm, fore-arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Bhīma.

स (sa) - that (middle Pāṇḍava, Bhīma) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

मध्यमः (madhyamaḥ) - the middle Pāṇḍava (Bhīma) (middle, central, second)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhyama

madhyama - middle, central, intermediate, second

Root: madh

Note: Bhīma is the second of the five Pāṇḍava brothers.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Bhīma (son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

From Pāṇḍu + aṇ (patronymic suffix).

अच्युत (acyuta) - addressing Sañjaya by an epithet of Kṛṣṇa (O infallible one, O imperishable one)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of acyuta

acyuta - infallible, imperishable, firm, steady, not fallen (epithet for Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

Derived from `a` (not) + `cyuta` (fallen, moved).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cyuta)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• cyuta – fallen, deviated, moved
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root cyu (to move, fall).
  Root: cyu (class 1)

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear, shining, name of the third Pāṇḍava

Root: ṛj

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍava Arjuna.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - the Pāṇḍava Arjuna (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear, shining, name of the third Pāṇḍava

Root: ṛj

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Pāṇḍava Arjuna.

स (sa) - that (Arjuna) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - addressing Sañjaya by an epithet of Kṛṣṇa (O Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - black, dark, dark-blue, name of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

बाहुसहस्रिणा (bāhusahasriṇā) - referring to Kārtavīrya Arjuna, who was famously thousand-armed (with the thousand-armed one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāhusahasrin

bāhusahasrin - having a thousand arms, the thousand-armed one

From `bāhu` (arm) + `sahasra` (thousand) + `in` (possessive suffix).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bāhu+sahasra)

• bāhu – arm, fore-arm
  noun (masculine)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)

द्विबाहुः (dvibāhuḥ) - referring to Pāṇḍava Arjuna, in contrast to Kārtavīrya Arjuna (two-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvibāhu

dvibāhu - two-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+bāhu)

• dvi – two
  numeral (masculine)
• bāhu – arm, fore-arm
  noun (masculine)

स्पर्धते (spardhate) - he competes, he rivals, he challenges

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of spardh

Present indicative, 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada).

Root: spardh (class 1)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter of nitya, used adverbially.

अतीतेन (atītena) - by the one (Kārtavīrya Arjuna) who has passed away (by the past, by the deceased, by the one who has passed beyond)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of atīta

atīta - past, gone, deceased, passed away

Past Passive Participle

From prefix `ati` + root `i` (to go) + `kta` suffix.

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

अपि (api) - even (with the deceased) (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

केशव (keśava) - addressing Sañjaya by an epithet of Kṛṣṇa (O Keśava (epithet for Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - having beautiful hair, slayer of the demon Keśī, epithet for Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa

Root: keś