महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-5, chapter-88, verse-63
साहं पित्रा च निकृता श्वशुरैश्च परंतप ।
अत्यन्तदुःखिता कृष्ण किं जीवितफलं मम ॥६३॥
अत्यन्तदुःखिता कृष्ण किं जीवितफलं मम ॥६३॥
63. sāhaṁ pitrā ca nikṛtā śvaśuraiśca paraṁtapa ,
atyantaduḥkhitā kṛṣṇa kiṁ jīvitaphalaṁ mama.
atyantaduḥkhitā kṛṣṇa kiṁ jīvitaphalaṁ mama.
63.
sā aham pitrā ca nikṛtā śvaśuraiḥ ca paraṃtapa
atyantaduḥkhitā kṛṣṇa kim jīvitaphalam mama
atyantaduḥkhitā kṛṣṇa kim jīvitaphalam mama
63.
O Krishna, tormentor of foes (paraṃtapa), since I, dishonored by my father and also by my fathers-in-law, am exceedingly distressed, what purpose remains for my life?
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सा (sā) - that I (feminine singular, nominative, referring to the speaker) (she, that one)
- अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I)
- पित्रा (pitrā) - by my father (Drupada) (by father)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- निकृता (nikṛtā) - dishonored, insulted (dishonored, ill-treated, humiliated, defrauded)
- श्वशुरैः (śvaśuraiḥ) - by my fathers-in-law (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Bhīṣma, etc.) (by fathers-in-law, by relatives-in-law)
- च (ca) - also (and, also)
- परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O tormentor of foes (an epithet for Krishna) (O tormentor of foes, O subduer of enemies)
- अत्यन्तदुःखिता (atyantaduḥkhitā) - exceedingly distressed (exceedingly distressed, extremely unhappy)
- कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Krishna
- किम् (kim) - what (as an interrogative pronoun) (what, why, whether)
- जीवितफलम् (jīvitaphalam) - purpose of life (fruit of life, purpose of living, consequence of living)
- मम (mama) - for me (my, of me)
Words meanings and morphology
सा (sā) - that I (feminine singular, nominative, referring to the speaker) (she, that one)
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, she, it
Demonstrative pronoun
Note: Used with `aham` to emphasize 'that very I'.
अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of aham
aham - I, me
First person singular pronoun
पित्रा (pitrā) - by my father (Drupada) (by father)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ
pitṛ - father, ancestor
Masculine n-stem.
Note: Refers to Drupada, Draupadī's father.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction
Note: Connects `pitrā` and `śvaśuraiḥ`.
निकृता (nikṛtā) - dishonored, insulted (dishonored, ill-treated, humiliated, defrauded)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of nikṛta
nikṛta - defrauded, injured, disgraced, cheated, humiliated
Past Passive Participle
From `ni` + root `kṛ` (to do/make)
Prefix: ni
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Agrees with `sā aham`.
श्वशुरैः (śvaśuraiḥ) - by my fathers-in-law (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Bhīṣma, etc.) (by fathers-in-law, by relatives-in-law)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of śvaśura
śvaśura - father-in-law, venerable elder
Note: Refers to the elders of the Kuru family.
च (ca) - also (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction
Note: Placed after the second item in a series.
परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O tormentor of foes (an epithet for Krishna) (O tormentor of foes, O subduer of enemies)
(adjective)
Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa
paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies
Compound: `paraṃ` (enemies) + `tapa` (tormentor)
Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)
- para – enemy, alien, hostile, supreme
noun (masculine) - tapa – heat, torment, one who torments
noun (masculine)
From root 'tap' (to heat, torment)
Root: tap (class 1)
Note: Epithet for Krishna.
अत्यन्तदुःखिता (atyantaduḥkhitā) - exceedingly distressed (exceedingly distressed, extremely unhappy)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of atyantaduḥkhita
atyantaduḥkhita - extremely sorrowful, greatly distressed
Compound. Feminine form `atyantaduḥkhitā`.
Compound type : karmadhāraya (atyanta+duḥkhita)
- atyanta – extreme, excessive, very much
adjective - duḥkhita – distressed, sorrowful, unhappy
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root 'duḥkh' (to suffer), with 'ita' suffix.
Root: duḥkh (class 1)
Note: Agrees with `sā aham`.
कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Krishna
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa
kṛṣṇa - Krishna (a proper noun), black, dark
किम् (kim) - what (as an interrogative pronoun) (what, why, whether)
(interrogative pronoun)
जीवितफलम् (jīvitaphalam) - purpose of life (fruit of life, purpose of living, consequence of living)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvitaphala
jīvitaphala - fruit of life, result of living
Tatpuruṣa compound.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīvita+phala)
- jīvita – life, living, lived
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root 'jīv' (to live)
Root: jīv (class 1) - phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward, purpose
noun (neuter)
Note: Predicate nominative to `kim`.
मम (mama) - for me (my, of me)
(pronoun)
Genitive, singular of aham
aham - I, me
First person singular pronoun.
Note: Here used in the sense of 'for me' or 'belonging to me'.