महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-88, verse-33

योऽपाश्रयः पाण्डवानां देवानामिव वासवः ।
स ते भ्राता सखा चैव कथमद्य धनंजयः ॥३३॥

33. yo'pāśrayaḥ pāṇḍavānāṁ devānāmiva vāsavaḥ ,
sa te bhrātā sakhā caiva kathamadya dhanaṁjayaḥ.

33. yaḥ apāśrayaḥ pāṇḍavānām devānām iva vāsavaḥ sa
te bhrātā sakhā ca eva katham adya dhanañjayaḥ

33. He who is the refuge of the Pāṇḍavas, just as Vāsava (Indra) is the refuge of the gods—how is it that he, your brother and friend, Dhananjaya, is (treated thus) today?

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• अपाश्रयः (apāśrayaḥ) - refuge, support, shelter

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - Indra (chief of the gods)

• स (sa) - he, that

• ते (te) - your (singular)

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• कथम् (katham) - Expressing wonder, disbelief, or lament. (how, why, in what manner)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Referring to Arjuna. (Arjuna (conqueror of wealth))

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yat

yat - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Introduces a relative clause.

अपाश्रयः (apāśrayaḥ) - refuge, support, shelter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apāśraya

apāśraya - refuge, support, shelter, reliance

Derived from root 'śrī' (to resort to) with prefixes 'apa' and 'ā'

Prefixes: apa+ā

Root: śrī (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'yaḥ'.

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Note: Possessive or relation to 'apāśrayaḥ'.

देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

Note: Possessive or relation to the implied 'apāśrayaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for comparison.

वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - Indra (chief of the gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsava

vāsava - Indra, chief of the gods

An epithet of Indra, son of Vasu

Note: Subject of the comparison clause (implied verb 'is').

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative/personal pronoun)

Note: Refers to the main subject, often correlative to 'yaḥ'.

ते (te) - your (singular)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Enclitic form of 'tava'.

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: In apposition to 'sa'.

सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

Note: In apposition to 'sa'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'bhrātā' and 'sakhā'.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

कथम् (katham) - Expressing wonder, disbelief, or lament. (how, why, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Referring to Arjuna. (Arjuna (conqueror of wealth))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth, Arjuna (proper noun)

Compound: dhana (wealth) + jaya (conqueror)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror (agent noun from 'ji')
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'sa'.