महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-88, verse-11

ये स्म वारणशब्देन हयानां हेषितेन च ।
रथनेमिनिनादैश्च व्यबोध्यन्त सदा गृहे ॥११॥

11. ye sma vāraṇaśabdena hayānāṁ heṣitena ca ,
rathanemininādaiśca vyabodhyanta sadā gṛhe.

11. ye sma vāraṇaśabdena hayānām heṣitena ca
rathaneminīnādaiḥ ca vyabodhyanta sadā gṛhe

11. These are they who, in their home, were always awakened by the trumpeting of elephants, the neighing of horses, and the sounds of chariot wheels.

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - those who, they who

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (particle indicating past tense)

• वारणशब्देन (vāraṇaśabdena) - by the sound of elephants

• हयानाम् (hayānām) - of horses

• हेषितेन (heṣitena) - by the neighing (of horses)

• च (ca) - and

• रथनेमिनीनादैः (rathaneminīnādaiḥ) - by the sounds of chariot wheels

• च (ca) - and

• व्यबोध्यन्त (vyabodhyanta) - they were awakened, they were roused

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• गृहे (gṛhe) - in the home, in the house

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - those who, they who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas from the previous verse.

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

वारणशब्देन (vāraṇaśabdena) - by the sound of elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāraṇaśabda

vāraṇaśabda - sound of an elephant

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāraṇa+śabda)

• vāraṇa – elephant
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• śabda – sound, noise, word
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śabd (class 1)

हयानाम् (hayānām) - of horses

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Root: hi (class 5)

हेषितेन (heṣitena) - by the neighing (of horses)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of heṣita

heṣita - neighing, snorting, whinnying

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √heṣ (to neigh, to snort), used as a noun.

Root: heṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

रथनेमिनीनादैः (rathaneminīnādaiḥ) - by the sounds of chariot wheels

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rathaneminīnāda

rathaneminīnāda - sound of chariot wheels

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+nemi+nīnāda)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• nemi – felloe, circumference of a wheel, wheel-rim
  noun (feminine)
• nīnāda – sound, roar, loud cry
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: nad (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

व्यबोध्यन्त (vyabodhyanta) - they were awakened, they were roused

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, imperfect (laṅ) of √budh

Imperfect tense, middle voice, 3rd person plural (causative passive)

From √budh, causative stem 'bodhya', with the prefix 'vi', and middle voice imperfect ending 'anta'.

Prefix: vi

Root: budh (class 1)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

गृहे (gṛhe) - in the home, in the house

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, abode