महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-88, verse-72

ब्रूया माधव राजानं धर्मात्मानं युधिष्ठिरम् ।
भूयांस्ते हीयते धर्मो मा पुत्रक वृथा कृथाः ॥७२॥

72. brūyā mādhava rājānaṁ dharmātmānaṁ yudhiṣṭhiram ,
bhūyāṁste hīyate dharmo mā putraka vṛthā kṛthāḥ.

72. brūyāḥ mādhava rājānam dharmātmānam yudhiṣṭhiram
bhūyān te hīyate dharmaḥ mā putraka vṛthā kṛthāḥ

72. O Madhava, you should tell King Yudhishthira, whose inner being (ātman) is aligned with (dharma) natural law: 'Much of your (dharma) natural law is diminishing. O dear son, do not act in vain!'

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रूयाः (brūyāḥ) - you should tell (you should say, you should speak)

• माधव (mādhava) - O Madhava (vocative, referring to Krishna) (descendant of Madhu, Krishna)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - King

• धर्मात्मानम् (dharmātmānam) - whose inner being (ātman) is aligned with (dharma) natural law / righteousness (righteous soul, one whose nature is dharma)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava (Yudhishthira (proper noun))

• भूयान् (bhūyān) - much (of it) (much, many, abundant)

• ते (te) - your (your, to you)

• हीयते (hīyate) - is diminishing / being lost (is diminished, is abandoned, is lost)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - your (dharma) natural law/righteous conduct (natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution)

• मा (mā) - do not

• पुत्रक (putraka) - O dear son (vocative, affectionate address) (dear son, little son)

• वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain (in vain, uselessly)

• कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you (should) do / make (you do, you make)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रूयाः (brūyāḥ) - you should tell (you should say, you should speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Addressed to Madhava (Krishna).

माधव (mādhava) - O Madhava (vocative, referring to Krishna) (descendant of Madhu, Krishna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu, relating to spring, epithet of Krishna

Note: Addressed to Krishna.

राजानम् (rājānam) - King

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Object of brūyāḥ.

धर्मात्मानम् (dharmātmānam) - whose inner being (ātman) is aligned with (dharma) natural law / righteousness (righteous soul, one whose nature is dharma)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous soul, one whose nature is dharma

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, inner being
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies rājānam and yudhiṣṭhiram.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava (Yudhishthira (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle (name of the eldest Pandava)

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, war
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of brūyāḥ.

भूयान् (bhūyān) - much (of it) (much, many, abundant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūyas

bhūyas - more, much, abundant

Comparative form of 'bahu' (much).

Note: Agrees with dharmaḥ.

ते (te) - your (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Indicates possession 'your'.

हीयते (hīyate) - is diminishing / being lost (is diminished, is abandoned, is lost)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of hā

Passive voice of root hā (to abandon).

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Subject is dharmaḥ.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - your (dharma) natural law/righteous conduct (natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, virtue

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of hīyate.

मा (mā) - do not

(indeclinable)

Note: Prohibitive particle.

पुत्रक (putraka) - O dear son (vocative, affectionate address) (dear son, little son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putraka

putraka - dear son, little son

Diminutive or affectionate form of 'putra'.

Note: Address to Yudhishthira.

वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain (in vain, uselessly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial.

कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you (should) do / make (you do, you make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist (injunctive) (luṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with mā for prohibition.