महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-88, verse-15

ते नूनं निनदं श्रुत्वा श्वापदानां महावने ।
न स्मोपयान्ति निद्रां वै अतदर्हा जनार्दन ॥१५॥

15. te nūnaṁ ninadaṁ śrutvā śvāpadānāṁ mahāvane ,
na smopayānti nidrāṁ vai atadarhā janārdana.

15. te nūnam ninadam śrutvā śvāpadānām mahāvane
na sma upayānti nidrām vai atadarhā janārdana

15. O Janārdana, having heard the roars of wild animals in the great forest, they surely did not attain sleep, as they are truly undeserving of such a condition.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they

• नूनम् (nūnam) - surely, indeed, certainly

• निनदम् (ninadam) - roar (of animals) (sound, roar, cry, noise)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• श्वापदानाम् (śvāpadānām) - of wild animals, of beasts of prey

• महावने (mahāvane) - in the great forest

• न (na) - not, no

• स्म (sma) - (particle denoting past tense with present verb)

• उपयान्ति (upayānti) - they attain (sleep) (they approach, attain, experience)

• निद्राम् (nidrām) - sleep, slumber

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

• अतदर्हा (atadarhā) - undeserving of such a condition (lack of sleep, discomfort) (unworthy of that, undeserving of such)

• जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janārdana (an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

नूनम् (nūnam) - surely, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an intensifier.

निनदम् (ninadam) - roar (of animals) (sound, roar, cry, noise)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ninada

ninada - sound, noise, roar, cry

Derived from root √nad (to roar, sound) with upasarga ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: nad (class 1)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Functions as an indeclinable past participle.

श्वापदानाम् (śvāpadānām) - of wild animals, of beasts of prey

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śvāpada

śvāpada - wild animal, beast of prey, carnivorous animal

Compound of śvan (dog) and pada (foot) – literally 'dog-footed,' hence wild animal.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (śvan+pada)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, step, trace
  noun (neuter)

महावने (mahāvane) - in the great forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāvana

mahāvana - great forest, extensive wilderness

Compound of mahā (great) and vana (forest).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+vana)

• mahā – great, large, extensive
  adjective (feminine)
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

स्म (sma) - (particle denoting past tense with present verb)

(indeclinable)

उपयान्ति (upayānti) - they attain (sleep) (they approach, attain, experience)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of √i

Present tense, active voice, 3rd person plural

From root √i (class 2) with upasarga upa-.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: With sma, conveys past tense 'they did not attain'.

निद्राम् (nidrām) - sleep, slumber

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nidrā

nidrā - sleep, slumber, drowsiness

Note: Object of upayānti.

वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अतदर्हा (atadarhā) - undeserving of such a condition (lack of sleep, discomfort) (unworthy of that, undeserving of such)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of atadarha

atadarha - not worthy of that, undeserving of such, unsuitable for that

Compound of a (negation) + tad (that) + arha (worthy).

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+tad+arha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• tad – that, such
  pronoun (neuter)
• arha – worthy, deserving, suitable
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √arh (to deserve, be worthy).
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the te (they).

जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janārdana (an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - agitator of men, punisher of evil men, one who is petitioned by men (an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

From jana (people) + ardanā (agitating/punishing).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (jana+ardana)

• jana – person, people, mankind
  noun (masculine)
• ardana – disturbing, tormenting, crushing, supplicating
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From root √ṛd (to pain, afflict, ask, beg).
  Root: ṛd (class 6)

Note: Addressed to Janārdana.