महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-88, verse-49

न मे दुःखतरं किंचिद्भूतपूर्वं ततोऽधिकम् ।
यद्द्रौपदीं निवातस्थां श्वशुराणां समीपगाम् ॥४९॥

49. na me duḥkhataraṁ kiṁcidbhūtapūrvaṁ tato'dhikam ,
yaddraupadīṁ nivātasthāṁ śvaśurāṇāṁ samīpagām.

49. na me duḥkhataram kiñcit bhūtapūrvam tataḥ adhikam
yat draupadīm nivātasthām śvaśurāṇām samīpagām

49. Nothing more painful or greater than that has ever existed for me, than that I saw Draupadī standing helpless and exposed near her fathers-in-law (śvaśura).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• मे (me) - to me, my

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful, more sorrowful

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something

• भूतपूर्वम् (bhūtapūrvam) - previously existing, happened before

• ततः (tataḥ) - than that, from that, thence

• अधिकम् (adhikam) - more, greater, exceeding

• यत् (yat) - that, because

• द्रौपदीम् (draupadīm) - Draupadi

• निवातस्थाम् (nivātasthām) - In the context of Draupadī's humiliation in the assembly, this refers to her standing still and vulnerable, exposed to public gaze, rather than literally in a sheltered or private place. (standing helpless, standing exposed)

• श्वशुराणाम् (śvaśurāṇām) - of the fathers-in-law

• समीपगाम् (samīpagām) - Refers to Draupadī's position near her in-laws in the assembly. (standing near, having approached)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - to me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Can also be genitive.

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful, more sorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more painful, more sorrowful, more miserable

Comparative degree of 'duḥkha' (pain, sorrow)

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiñcid

kiñcid - something, anything, a little, a few

Compound of 'kim' (what?) and 'cit' (indeed)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+cit)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun (neuter)
• cit – indeed, just, any
  indeclinable

भूतपूर्वम् (bhūtapūrvam) - previously existing, happened before

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhūtapūrva

bhūtapūrva - previously existing, formerly happened

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+pūrva)

• bhūta – become, happened, past
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bhū' (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• pūrva – former, prior, previous
  adjective (neuter)

ततः (tataḥ) - than that, from that, thence

(indeclinable)

अधिकम् (adhikam) - more, greater, exceeding

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhika

adhika - more, exceeding, superior, abundant

यत् (yat) - that, because

(indeclinable)

द्रौपदीम् (draupadīm) - Draupadi

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of draupadī

draupadī - Draupadi (daughter of Drupada)

निवातस्थाम् (nivātasthām) - In the context of Draupadī's humiliation in the assembly, this refers to her standing still and vulnerable, exposed to public gaze, rather than literally in a sheltered or private place. (standing helpless, standing exposed)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nivātasthā

nivātasthā - standing in a sheltered place; standing still, unmoving (feminine)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nivāta+sthā)

• nivāta – without wind, sheltered from wind, calm, undisturbed
  adjective (neuter)
  From 'ni' (without) and 'vāta' (wind)
• sthā – standing, staying, situated (feminine)
  adjective (feminine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  Feminine form of 'stha', from root 'sthā' (to stand, remain)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

श्वशुराणाम् (śvaśurāṇām) - of the fathers-in-law

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śvaśura

śvaśura - father-in-law

समीपगाम् (samīpagām) - Refers to Draupadī's position near her in-laws in the assembly. (standing near, having approached)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samīpagā

samīpagā - gone near, approached, standing near (feminine)

Agent noun/adjective

Feminine form of 'samīpaga', derived from 'samīpa' (near) and root 'gam' (to go)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (samīpa+gā)

• samīpa – near, proximity
  noun (neuter)
• gā – going, moving, residing (feminine)
  adjective (feminine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  Feminine form of 'ga', from root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)