महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-88, verse-17

बन्दिमागधसूतैश्च स्तुवद्भिर्बोधिताः कथम् ।
महावने व्यबोध्यन्त श्वापदानां रुतेन ते ॥१७॥

17. bandimāgadhasūtaiśca stuvadbhirbodhitāḥ katham ,
mahāvane vyabodhyanta śvāpadānāṁ rutena te.

17. bandimāgadhasūtaiḥ ca stuvadbhiḥ bodhitāḥ katham
mahāvane vyabodhyanta śvāpadānām rutena te

17. How were they, who were [formerly] awakened by bards, panegyrists, and charioteers offering praises, awakened by the roars of wild animals in the great forest?

Words meanings summery:

• बन्दिमागधसूतैः (bandimāgadhasūtaiḥ) - by bards, panegyrists, and charioteers

• च (ca) - and

• स्तुवद्भिः (stuvadbhiḥ) - by those who praise, by the extolling ones

• बोधिताः (bodhitāḥ) - (formerly) awakened (awakened, made aware)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• महावने (mahāvane) - in the great forest

• व्यबोध्यन्त (vyabodhyanta) - (now) they were awakened (they were awakened, they awoke)

• श्वापदानाम् (śvāpadānām) - of wild animals, of beasts of prey

• रुतेन (rutena) - by the roars (of wild animals) (by the cry, by the roar, by the sound)

• ते (te) - they

Words meanings and morphology

बन्दिमागधसूतैः (bandimāgadhasūtaiḥ) - by bards, panegyrists, and charioteers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bandimāgadhasūta

bandimāgadhasūta - bards, panegyrists, and charioteers

Dvandva compound of bandin, māgadha, and sūta.

Compound type : Dvandva (bandin+māgadha+sūta)

• bandin – bard, panegyrist, praiser
  noun (masculine)
• māgadha – panegyrist, genealogist; a native of Magadha
  noun (masculine)
• sūta – charioteer, bard, herald
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √sū (to impel, generate).
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Agents of awakening in their former luxurious life.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

स्तुवद्भिः (stuvadbhiḥ) - by those who praise, by the extolling ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of stuvat

stuvat - praising, extolling, hymning

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √stu (to praise) with present participle suffix -at.

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Used substantively as 'by the praisers'.

बोधिताः (bodhitāḥ) - (formerly) awakened (awakened, made aware)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bodhita

bodhita - awakened, instructed, taught, made aware

Past Passive Participle (Causative)

Derived from causal of root √budh (to awaken, know) with suffix -ita.

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the people being spoken about.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

महावने (mahāvane) - in the great forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāvana

mahāvana - great forest, extensive wilderness

Compound of mahā (great) and vana (forest).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+vana)

• mahā – great, large, extensive
  adjective (feminine)
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)

Note: Specifies the location of the current awakening.

व्यबोध्यन्त (vyabodhyanta) - (now) they were awakened (they were awakened, they awoke)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of √budh

Imperfect tense, passive voice, 3rd person plural

From root √budh (class 1, 4), here passive of 4th class (budhyate) with upasarga vi- (as vy- due to sandhi).

Prefix: vi

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: This is the main verb of the second clause.

श्वापदानाम् (śvāpadānām) - of wild animals, of beasts of prey

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śvāpada

śvāpada - wild animal, beast of prey, carnivorous animal

Compound of śvan (dog) and pada (foot) – literally 'dog-footed,' hence wild animal.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (śvan+pada)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, step, trace
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies rutena.

रुतेन (rutena) - by the roars (of wild animals) (by the cry, by the roar, by the sound)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ruta

ruta - cry, sound, roar, singing (of birds)

Past Passive Participle (when adjective)

Derived from root √ru (to sound, roar).

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Agent of awakening.

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

Note: Subject of vyabodhyanta.