महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-88, verse-81

तयोश्चैतदवज्ञानं यत्सा कृष्णा सभां गता ।
दुःशासनश्च कर्णश्च परुषाण्यभ्यभाषताम् ॥८१॥

81. tayoścaitadavajñānaṁ yatsā kṛṣṇā sabhāṁ gatā ,
duḥśāsanaśca karṇaśca paruṣāṇyabhyabhāṣatām.

81. tayoḥ ca etad avajñānam yat sā kṛṣṇā sabhām gatā
duḥśāsanaḥ ca karṇaḥ ca paruṣāṇi abhyabhāṣatām

81. And this was the disrespect (avajñāna) to those two (Bhīma and Arjuna), namely, that Draupadī (Kṛṣṇā) had to go to the assembly, and Duḥśāsana and Karṇa spoke harsh words to her.

Words meanings summery:

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - to those two (Bhīma and Arjuna) (of those two, for those two)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एतद् (etad) - this

• अवज्ञानम् (avajñānam) - disrespect, insult (disregard, contempt, insult, humiliation)

• यत् (yat) - that (introducing an explanatory clause) (that, which, because)

• सा (sā) - she (Draupadī) (she, that (feminine))

• कृष्णा (kṛṣṇā) - Draupadī (Kṛṣṇā) (Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī), dark-skinned (feminine))

• सभाम् (sabhām) - to the assembly (to the assembly, to the court)

• गता (gatā) - had to go, was brought (gone, having gone, arrived)

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana (proper noun)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper noun)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words (harsh words, cruel things, rough speeches)

• अभ्यभाषताम् (abhyabhāṣatām) - they spoke harsh words to her (they spoke to, they addressed)

Words meanings and morphology

तयोः (tayoḥ) - to those two (Bhīma and Arjuna) (of those two, for those two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those, this

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एतद् (etad) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, that

Note: Subject of implied verb 'was'.

अवज्ञानम् (avajñānam) - disrespect, insult (disregard, contempt, insult, humiliation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avajñāna

avajñāna - disregard, disrespect, contempt, insult, humiliation

From ava-jñā (to despise, disregard).

Prefix: ava

Root: jñā (class 9)

यत् (yat) - that (introducing an explanatory clause) (that, which, because)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Introduces the causal/explanatory clause.

सा (sā) - she (Draupadī) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Subject of the clause 'sā Kṛṣṇā sabhāṃ gatā'.

कृष्णा (kṛṣṇā) - Draupadī (Kṛṣṇā) (Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī), dark-skinned (feminine))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of Kṛṣṇā

Kṛṣṇā - Draupadī, the dark one (name of the wife of the Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Apposition to 'sā'.

सभाम् (sabhām) - to the assembly (to the assembly, to the court)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, court, public hall, council

From sa-bhā (to shine together) or sa-bhava (being together).

Root: bhā (class 2)

गता (gatā) - had to go, was brought (gone, having gone, arrived)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, obtained, moved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Duḥśāsana

Duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (a Kaurava prince), hard to rule, ill-ruled

From dur (bad, difficult) + śāsana (ruling, commanding).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dur+śāsana)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
• śāsana – rule, command, teaching, discipline, governance
  noun (neuter)
  From root śās (to command, rule).
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Subject along with Karṇa.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Karṇa

Karṇa - Karṇa (a great warrior in the Mahābhārata), ear

Note: Subject along with Duḥśāsana.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words (harsh words, cruel things, rough speeches)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, unkind, violent, severe

Note: Object of 'abhyabhāṣatām'.

अभ्यभाषताम् (abhyabhāṣatām) - they spoke harsh words to her (they spoke to, they addressed)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Root of class 1 (bhāṣate), often with abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject is Duḥśāsana and Karṇa.