महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-88, verse-8

अतदर्हा महात्मानः कथं केशव पाण्डवाः ।
ऊषुर्महावने तात सिंहव्याघ्रगजाकुले ॥८॥

8. atadarhā mahātmānaḥ kathaṁ keśava pāṇḍavāḥ ,
ūṣurmahāvane tāta siṁhavyāghragajākule.

8. atadarhāḥ mahātmānaḥ kathaṃ keśava pāṇḍavāḥ
ūṣuḥ mahāvane tāta siṃhavyāghragajākule

8. O Keśava, O dear one, how did the Pāṇḍavas, those great souls (mahātman) who were unworthy of such a fate, manage to live in that great forest, which was crowded with lions, tigers, and elephants?

Words meanings summery:

• अतदर्हाः (atadarhāḥ) - not deserving of that, unworthy of such (a fate)

• महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas. (great souls, noble ones)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner

• केशव (keśava) - The speaker (Draupadi) addresses Krishna. (O Keśava (an epithet of Krishna))

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva. (the Pāṇḍavas)

• ऊषुः (ūṣuḥ) - they lived, they dwelt

• महावने (mahāvane) - Refers to the Kamyaka forest or similar during their exile. (in a great forest)

• तात (tāta) - Draupadī uses this affectionate term when addressing Krishna. (O dear one, O father (term of endearment))

• सिंहव्याघ्रगजाकुले (siṁhavyāghragajākule) - crowded with lions, tigers, and elephants; infested with such animals

Words meanings and morphology

अतदर्हाः (atadarhāḥ) - not deserving of that, unworthy of such (a fate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of atadarha

atadarha - not deserving of that, unworthy of such a thing

Tatpuruṣa compound of a (not), tad (that), and arha (deserving).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (a+tad+arha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• tad – that, those
  pronoun (neuter)
  Pronominal stem.
• arha – deserving, worthy, fit
  adjective
  From root arh (to deserve).
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies pāṇḍavāḥ and mahātmānaḥ.

महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas. (great souls, noble ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, noble one, the great self (ātman)

Compound of mahā (great) and ātman (soul/self).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine stem of mahat.
• ātman – soul, self, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies pāṇḍavāḥ.

कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

Note: Adverb modifying the verb ūṣuḥ.

केशव (keśava) - The speaker (Draupadi) addresses Krishna. (O Keśava (an epithet of Krishna))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - having beautiful hair, slayer of the demon Keśī, an epithet of Krishna/Viṣṇu

Note: Addressed to Krishna.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva. (the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

ऊषुः (ūṣuḥ) - they lived, they dwelt

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vas

Perfect (Liṭ)

Root vas (class 1) in perfect, 3rd person plural.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the question.

महावने (mahāvane) - Refers to the Kamyaka forest or similar during their exile. (in a great forest)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāvana

mahāvana - great forest, large forest

Karmadhāraya compound of mahā (great) and vana (forest).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+vana)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine stem of mahat.
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
  Root: van (class 1)

Note: Indicates the place where they lived.

तात (tāta) - Draupadī uses this affectionate term when addressing Krishna. (O dear one, O father (term of endearment))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, sir (term of endearment or respect)

Note: Addressed to Krishna.

सिंहव्याघ्रगजाकुले (siṁhavyāghragajākule) - crowded with lions, tigers, and elephants; infested with such animals

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of siṃhavyāghragajākula

siṁhavyāghragajākula - infested with lions, tigers, and elephants

Tatpuruṣa compound ending in ākula. siṃha-vyāghra-gaja is a Dvandva compound. Then siṃhavyāghragaja + ākula forms a Tatpuruṣa.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (siṃha+vyāghra+gaja+ākula)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• ākula – crowded, full of, agitated, disturbed
  adjective
  From ā + root kul (to collect, accumulate).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Qualifies mahāvane.