महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-83, verse-41

सप्तगोदावरे स्नात्वा नियतो नियताशनः ।
महत्पुण्यमवाप्नोति देवलोकं च गच्छति ॥४१॥

41. saptagodāvare snātvā niyato niyatāśanaḥ ,
mahatpuṇyamavāpnoti devalokaṁ ca gacchati.

41. sapta-godāvare snātvā niyataḥ niyata-āśanaḥ
mahat puṇyam avāpnoti deva-lokam ca gacchati

41. A self-controlled (niyata) person, whose eating is regulated (niyatāśana), having bathed in the Saptagodāvari, attains great merit (puṇya) and goes to the world of the gods.

Words meanings summery:

• सप्तगोदावरे (saptagodāvare) - A specific holy river system. (in the Saptagodāvari (the seven branches of Godavari))

• स्नात्वा (snātvā) - having bathed, after bathing

• नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled, restrained, disciplined

• नियताशनः (niyatāśanaḥ) - one whose eating is regulated, abstemious

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, excellent

• पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit, virtue, religious merit, good deed

• अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - attains, reaches, obtains

• देवलोकम् (devalokam) - to the world of gods

• च (ca) - and, also

• गच्छति (gacchati) - goes, moves, proceeds

Words meanings and morphology

सप्तगोदावरे (saptagodāvare) - A specific holy river system. (in the Saptagodāvari (the seven branches of Godavari))

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of saptagodāvarī

saptagodāvarī - the seven branches or mouths of the Godavari river

Compound formed from sapta (seven) and godāvarī (name of a river).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sapta+godāvarī)

• sapta – seven
  numeral
• godāvarī – name of a sacred river in Southern India
  proper noun (feminine)

Note: Indicates location of bathing.

स्नात्वा (snātvā) - having bathed, after bathing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed from the root √snā with the suffix -tvā.

Root: snā (class 2)

नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled, restrained, disciplined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - restrained, regulated, disciplined, fixed, firm

Past Passive Participle

Formed from √yam (to restrain) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject.

नियताशनः (niyatāśanaḥ) - one whose eating is regulated, abstemious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyatāśana

niyatāśana - one whose eating is regulated, abstemious, moderate in diet

Bahuvrīhi compound: niyata (regulated) + āśana (eating).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niyata+āśana)

• niyata – regulated, restrained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √yam with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• āśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  From √aś (to eat)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, excellent

Present Active Participle

Root √mah (to be great) + -at suffix.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'puṇyam'.

पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit, virtue, religious merit, good deed

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - merit, virtue, good deed, religious merit

Root: pū

Note: Object of 'avāpnoti'.

अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - attains, reaches, obtains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āp

Present Active

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice. Root √āp with prefix ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: The subject is the implied 'naraḥ'.

देवलोकम् (devalokam) - to the world of gods

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devaloka

devaloka - world of the gods, celestial realm

Compound formed from deva (god) and loka (world).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (deva+loka)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
  From root √lok (to see)
  Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Destination of motion.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two actions 'obtains merit' and 'goes to heaven'.

गच्छति (gacchati) - goes, moves, proceeds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Active

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice. Root √gam, class 1.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The subject is the implied 'naraḥ'.