महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-83, verse-3

करतोयां समासाद्य त्रिरात्रोपोषितो नरः ।
अश्वमेधमवाप्नोति कृते पैतामहे विधौ ॥३॥

3. karatoyāṁ samāsādya trirātropoṣito naraḥ ,
aśvamedhamavāpnoti kṛte paitāmahe vidhau.

3. karatoyām samāsādya trirātra-upoṣitaḥ naraḥ
aśvamedham avāpnoti kṛte paitāmahe vidhau

3. If a man, after fasting for three nights, approaches the Kartoyā river and performs a rite (vidhi) associated with Brahmā (Paitāmaha), he obtains the benefit of a horse sacrifice (aśvamedha).

Words meanings summery:

• करतोयाम् (karatoyām) - the Kartoyā river

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached, having approached

• त्रिरात्र-उपोषितः (trirātra-upoṣitaḥ) - one who has fasted for three nights

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

• अश्वमेधम् (aśvamedham) - horse sacrifice (aśvamedha)

• अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - obtains, achieves, attains

• कृते (kṛte) - when performed, when done, in the case of

• पैतामहे (paitāmahe) - related to Brahmā (Pitamaha)

• विधौ (vidhau) - in the rite, in the ritual, in the rule

Words meanings and morphology

करतोयाम् (karatoyām) - the Kartoyā river

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of karatoyā

karatoyā - name of a river (Kartoyā)

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached, having approached

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) form from root sad with prefixes sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

त्रिरात्र-उपोषितः (trirātra-upoṣitaḥ) - one who has fasted for three nights

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of trirātropoṣita

trirātropoṣita - one who has fasted for three nights

Compound type : bahuvrihi (trirātra+upoṣita)

• trirātra – three nights
  noun (neuter)
• upoṣita – fasted, one who has fasted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root vas with prefix upa
  Prefix: upa
  Root: vas (class 1)

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

अश्वमेधम् (aśvamedham) - horse sacrifice (aśvamedha)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśvamedha

aśvamedha - horse sacrifice, a type of Vedic ritual

अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - obtains, achieves, attains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of avāp

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

कृते (kṛte) - when performed, when done, in the case of

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पैतामहे (paitāmahe) - related to Brahmā (Pitamaha)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of paitāmaha

paitāmaha - belonging to or relating to a grandfather; especially related to Brahmā (Pitamaha)

Derived from pitāmaha ('grandfather', a name for Brahmā) with a secondary suffix conveying 'related to'

विधौ (vidhau) - in the rite, in the ritual, in the rule

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, regulation, injunction, method, rite, ritual