महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-173, verse-56

स तथोक्तस्तथेत्युक्त्वा देवानां हितकाम्यया ।
अतिष्ठत्स्थाणुभूतः स सहस्रं परिवत्सरान् ॥५६॥

56. sa tathoktastathetyuktvā devānāṁ hitakāmyayā ,
atiṣṭhatsthāṇubhūtaḥ sa sahasraṁ parivatsarān.

56. sa tathā uktaḥ tathā iti uktvā devānām hita-kāmyayā
atiṣṭhat sthāṇu-bhūtaḥ sa sahasram parivatsarān

56. sa tathā uktaḥ deevānām hita-kāmyayā tathā iti uktvā
sa sthāṇu-bhūtaḥ sahasram parivatsarān atiṣṭhat

56. He, thus addressed, having said 'So be it!' with a desire for the welfare of the gods, stood like an immovable pillar for a thousand years.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Rudra (he)

• तथा (tathā) - thus (addressed) (thus, in that manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (by the gods) (spoken, said)

• तथा (tathā) - 'So be it!' (as a response) (so, so be it)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of the direct quote ("tathā") (thus, so, (quotation marker))

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said

• देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

• हित-काम्यया (hita-kāmyayā) - by the desire for welfare, with the intention of benefit

• अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - he stood, he remained

• स्थाणु-भूतः (sthāṇu-bhūtaḥ) - having become like a post/pillar, immovable

• स (sa) - Rudra (redundant, reinforces the subject of atiṣṭhat) (he)

• सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand

• परिवत्सरान् (parivatsarān) - years

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Rudra (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to Rudra.

तथा (tathā) - thus (addressed) (thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying uktaḥ.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (by the gods) (spoken, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, addressed

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies sa (Rudra).

तथा (tathā) - 'So be it!' (as a response) (so, so be it)

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the direct quote 'tathā iti'.

इति (iti) - marks the end of the direct quote ("tathā") (thus, so, (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

Note: Quotation marker.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root vac (to speak), with suffix -ktvā.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Precedes the main verb atiṣṭhat.

देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

Note: Governed by hita-kāmyayā.

हित-काम्यया (hita-kāmyayā) - by the desire for welfare, with the intention of benefit

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of hita-kāmyā

hita-kāmyā - desire for welfare, wish for good

Compound type : tatpurusha (hita+kāmyā)

• hita – beneficial, welfare, good
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā, with prefix hi, then suffix kta. Or simply means 'good, welfare'.
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• kāmyā – desire, wish, longing
  noun (feminine)

Note: Indicates the means or reason for his action.

अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - he stood, he remained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

Imperfect Active

From root sthā, imperfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: sthā (class 1)

स्थाणु-भूतः (sthāṇu-bhūtaḥ) - having become like a post/pillar, immovable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthāṇu-bhūta

sthāṇu-bhūta - become like a pillar, immovable

Past Passive Participle (secondary derivative)

Compound of sthāṇu and bhūta (P.P.P. of bhū).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sthāṇu+bhūta)

• sthāṇu – post, pillar, immovable, Shiva (as a pillar)
  noun (masculine)
• bhūta – become, happened, existing
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies sa (Rudra).

स (sa) - Rudra (redundant, reinforces the subject of atiṣṭhat) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Reinforces the subject of atiṣṭhat (Rudra).

सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sahasra

sahasra - a thousand

Note: Adverbial accusative, indicating duration.

परिवत्सरान् (parivatsarān) - years

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parivatsara

parivatsara - year (specifically a cycle of 5 years)

Note: Object of time duration, agrees with sahasram.