महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-173, verse-43

ते न शर्म कुतः शान्तिं लेभिरे स्म सुरास्तदा ।
विद्रुते सहसा यज्ञे कुपिते च महेश्वरे ॥४३॥

43. te na śarma kutaḥ śāntiṁ lebhire sma surāstadā ,
vidrute sahasā yajñe kupite ca maheśvare.

43. te na śarma kutaḥ śāntim lebhire sma surāḥ
tadā vidrute sahasā yajñe kupite ca maheśvare

43. tadā yajñe sahasā vidrute ca maheśvare kupite
te surāḥ śarma śāntim kutaḥ na lebhire sma

43. Then, when the Vedic ritual (yajña) was suddenly disrupted and Maheśvara was enraged, those gods could not obtain any happiness or peace.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those gods (who were present at the disrupted sacrifice) (they)

• न (na) - not

• शर्म (śarma) - happiness, peace, welfare

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where (could they obtain) (from where, why, how)

• शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace, tranquility, cessation

• लेभिरे (lebhire) - they obtained

• स्म (sma) - indicates a past event or emphasizes the past action (indeed, verily (used to express past tense with present verbs, or emphasis))

• सुराः (surāḥ) - gods

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• विद्रुते (vidrute) - when the sacrifice was disrupted (when scattered, when dispersed, when disrupted)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcefully, violently

• यज्ञे (yajñe) - in the sacrifice, in the ritual

• कुपिते (kupite) - when Maheśvara was enraged (when enraged, when angry)

• च (ca) - and, also

• महेश्वरे (maheśvare) - in/on Maheśvara, by Maheśvara

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those gods (who were present at the disrupted sacrifice) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शर्म (śarma) - happiness, peace, welfare

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarman

śarman - happiness, peace, welfare, shelter

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where (could they obtain) (from where, why, how)

(indeclinable)

शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace, tranquility, cessation

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śānti

śānti - peace, tranquility, quiet, cessation

लेभिरे (lebhire) - they obtained

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (liṭ) of labh

Root: labh (class 1)

स्म (sma) - indicates a past event or emphasizes the past action (indeed, verily (used to express past tense with present verbs, or emphasis))

(indeclinable)

सुराः (surāḥ) - gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

विद्रुते (vidrute) - when the sacrifice was disrupted (when scattered, when dispersed, when disrupted)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vidruta

vidruta - scattered, dispersed, fled, disrupted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dru' (to run) with prefix 'vi' (away, apart).

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Used here in a locative absolute construction with 'yajñe'.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcefully, violently

(indeclinable)

यज्ञे (yajñe) - in the sacrifice, in the ritual

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, ritual, worship

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Used here in a locative absolute construction with 'vidrute'.

कुपिते (kupite) - when Maheśvara was enraged (when enraged, when angry)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kupita

kupita - enraged, angry, offended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kup' (to be angry).

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Used here in a locative absolute construction with 'maheśvare'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महेश्वरे (maheśvare) - in/on Maheśvara, by Maheśvara

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of maheśvara

maheśvara - the great lord (an epithet of Śiva)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+īśvara)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• īśvara – lord, master, controller
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś

Note: Used here in a locative absolute construction with 'kupite'.