महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-173, verse-4

संग्रामे निघ्नतः शत्रूञ्शरौघैर्विमलैरहम् ।
अग्रतो लक्षये यान्तं पुरुषं पावकप्रभम् ॥४॥

4. saṁgrāme nighnataḥ śatrūñśaraughairvimalairaham ,
agrato lakṣaye yāntaṁ puruṣaṁ pāvakaprabham.

4. saṃgrāme nighnataḥ śatrūn śaraughaiḥ vimalaiḥ
aham agrataḥ lakṣaye yāntam puruṣam pāvakaprabham

4. aham saṃgrāme śatrūn śaraughaiḥ vimalaiḥ nighnataḥ
agrataḥ yāntam pāvakaprabham puruṣam lakṣaye

4. In battle, as he slays enemies with pure streams of arrows, I observe a radiant individual (puruṣa), brilliant like fire, moving forth at the forefront.

Words meanings summery:

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

• निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - while killing (referring to the `puruṣa`) (killing, striking down (of him who kills))

• शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies

• शरौघैः (śaraughaiḥ) - with streams of arrows, with multitudes of arrows

• विमलैः (vimalaiḥ) - pure, spotless, clear

• अहम् (aham) - Yudhishthira (I)

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, at the head, before

• लक्षये (lakṣaye) - I observe, I perceive, I see

• यान्तम् (yāntam) - going, moving

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - a divine or extraordinary being (person, man, male)

• पावकप्रभम् (pāvakaprabham) - fire-radiant, brilliant like fire

Words meanings and morphology

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, combat

From `saṃ-grāh` (to seize together, to fight)

Prefix: sam

Root: grāh (class 9)

निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - while killing (referring to the `puruṣa`) (killing, striking down (of him who kills))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nighnat

nighnat - killing, striking down, destroying

Present Active Participle

From `ni-han` (to strike down, kill)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions as a genitive of attendant circumstances, describing the action of the `puruṣa`.

शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Root: śat (class 1)

Note: Object of `nighnataḥ`.

शरौघैः (śaraughaiḥ) - with streams of arrows, with multitudes of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śaraugha

śaraugha - stream/multitude of arrows

Compound: `śara` (arrow) + `ogha` (stream, multitude).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śara+ogha)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• ogha – flood, stream, multitude, heap
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrument of `nighnataḥ`.

विमलैः (vimalaiḥ) - pure, spotless, clear

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vimala

vimala - pure, spotless, clear, stainless

From `vi-mala` (without impurity). `vi` (negation) + `mala` (dirt, impurity).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (vi+mala)

• vi – apart, asunder, without, negation
  indeclinable
  prefix/preposition
• mala – dirt, impurity, stain
  noun (masculine/neuter)

Note: Agrees with `śaraughaiḥ`.

अहम् (aham) - Yudhishthira (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of `lakṣaye`.

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, at the head, before

(indeclinable)

Formed from `agra` (front) with the suffix `-tas`.

लक्षये (lakṣaye) - I observe, I perceive, I see

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of lakṣ

Present Active (ātmanepada)

From root `lakṣ` (Class 10 or denominative from `lakṣa`).

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

यान्तम् (yāntam) - going, moving

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yānt

yānt - going, moving, proceeding

Present Active Participle

From root `yā` (to go)

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `puruṣam`.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - a divine or extraordinary being (person, man, male)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being; spirit, soul, the Supreme Being

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of `lakṣaye`.

पावकप्रभम् (pāvakaprabham) - fire-radiant, brilliant like fire

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāvakaprabha

pāvakaprabha - having the splendor of fire, brilliant like fire

Tatpuruṣa compound: `pāvaka` (fire) + `prabha` (light, splendor).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pāvaka+prabha)

• pāvaka – fire, pure, purifying
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pū (class 1)
• prabha – light, splendor, radiance
  noun (masculine/feminine/neuter)

Note: Qualifies `puruṣam`.