महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-173, verse-2

संजय उवाच ।
तस्मिन्नतिरथे द्रोणे निहते पार्षतेन वै ।
कौरवेषु च भग्नेषु कुन्तीपुत्रो धनंजयः ॥२॥

2. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tasminnatirathe droṇe nihate pārṣatena vai ,
kauraveṣu ca bhagneṣu kuntīputro dhanaṁjayaḥ.

2. sañjayaḥ uvāca tasmin atirathe droṇe nihate pārṣatena
vai kauraveṣu ca bhagneṣu kuntīputraḥ dhanañjayaḥ

2. sañjayaḥ uvāca vai tasmin atirathe droṇe pārṣatena
nihate ca kauraveṣu bhagneṣu kuntīputraḥ dhanañjayaḥ

2. Sañjaya said: 'Indeed, when that great chariot warrior, Drona, was slain by Pṛṣata's son (Pārṣata), and when the Kauravas were broken, Kuntī's son Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)...'

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, upon that

• अतिरथे (atirathe) - in the great chariot warrior

• द्रोणे (droṇe) - in Drona

• निहते (nihate) - having been slain, killed

• पार्षतेन (pārṣatena) - by Dhṛṣṭadyumna (by the son of Pṛṣata)

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• कौरवेषु (kauraveṣu) - among the Kauravas, when the Kauravas

• च (ca) - and, also

• भग्नेषु (bhagneṣu) - having been broken, defeated

• कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - Arjuna (the son of Kunti)

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (Dhanañjaya, conqueror of wealth)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (liṭ)

Perfect (liṭ), 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, upon that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Locative singular, masculine of tad.

अतिरथे (atirathe) - in the great chariot warrior

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of atiratha

atiratha - a great chariot warrior, a warrior who can fight a thousand chariots at once

Locative singular of atiratha.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+ratha)

• ati – beyond, exceeding, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix/Preposition.
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies droṇe, part of locative absolute.

द्रोणे (droṇe) - in Drona

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a warrior and teacher)

निहते (nihate) - having been slain, killed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From ni + root han (to strike, kill).

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies droṇe, forming a locative absolute construction 'Drona having been slain'.

पार्षतेन (pārṣatena) - by Dhṛṣṭadyumna (by the son of Pṛṣata)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārṣata

pārṣata - descendant of Pṛṣata, relating to Pṛṣata

Instrumental singular of pārṣata.

Note: Refers to Dhṛṣṭadyumna, Drona's killer.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, often untranslated but adds emphasis.

कौरवेषु (kauraveṣu) - among the Kauravas, when the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, belonging to Kuru

Locative plural of kaurava.

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this locative absolute with the previous one.

भग्नेषु (bhagneṣu) - having been broken, defeated

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, defeated, shattered

Past Passive Participle

From root bhañj (to break).

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies kauraveṣu, forming a locative absolute construction 'the Kauravas having been broken'.

कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - Arjuna (the son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kuntī

Tatpuruṣa compound: kuntī (Kuntī) + putra (son).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kuntī (mother of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Arjuna. Subject of an implied verb in the next verse.

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (Dhanañjaya, conqueror of wealth)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna

Compound: dhana (wealth) + jaya (conqueror).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Another name for Arjuna, in apposition to kuntīputraḥ.