महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-98

गोमायुसंघाश्च वदन्ति रात्रौ रक्षांस्यथो निष्पतन्त्यन्तरिक्षात् ।
मृगाः शृगालाः शितिकण्ठाश्च काका गृध्रा बडाश्चैव तरक्षवश्च ॥९८॥

98. gomāyusaṁghāśca vadanti rātrau; rakṣāṁsyatho niṣpatantyantarikṣāt ,
mṛgāḥ śṛgālāḥ śitikaṇṭhāśca kākā; gṛdhrā baḍāścaiva tarakṣavaśca.

98. gomāyusaṃghāḥ ca vadanti rātrau
rakṣāṃsi atho niṣpatanti antarikṣāt
mṛgāḥ śṛgālāḥ śitikaṇṭhāḥ ca kākāḥ
gṛdhrāḥ baḍāḥ ca eva tarakṣavaḥ ca

98. At night, hosts of jackals howl, and Rākṣasas (demons) fall from the sky. Deer, jackals, blue-throated birds, crows, vultures, large birds (baḍāḥ), and hyenas also make their presence known.

Words meanings summery:

• गोमायुसंघाः (gomāyusaṁghāḥ) - hosts of jackals, groups of jackals

• च (ca) - and, also

• वदन्ति (vadanti) - they howl (referring to jackals) (they speak, they say, they howl)

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

• रक्षांसि (rakṣāṁsi) - Rākṣasas (demons) (Rākṣasas (demons), protections)

• अथो (atho) - and then, moreover, now

• निष्पतन्ति (niṣpatanti) - they fall down, they fly out, they descend

• अन्तरिक्षात् (antarikṣāt) - from the sky, from the atmosphere, from space

• मृगाः (mṛgāḥ) - deer, wild animals

• शृगालाः (śṛgālāḥ) - jackals

• शितिकण्ठाः (śitikaṇṭhāḥ) - blue-throated birds (like jays, often considered inauspicious omens) (blue-throated (birds), having a white or sharp neck)

• च (ca) - and, also

• काकाः (kākāḥ) - crows

• गृध्राः (gṛdhrāḥ) - vultures (vultures, greedy ones)

• बडाः (baḍāḥ) - large birds, perhaps a type of vulture or hawk (large birds, sometimes a type of vulture or hawk)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, truly

• तरक्षवः (tarakṣavaḥ) - hyenas

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

गोमायुसंघाः (gomāyusaṁghāḥ) - hosts of jackals, groups of jackals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gomāyusaṃgha

gomāyusaṁgha - a multitude of jackals

Compound of gomāyu (jackal) and saṃgha (assembly, multitude).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gomāyu+saṃgha)

• gomāyu – jackal
  noun (masculine)
• saṃgha – multitude, group, assembly
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वदन्ति (vadanti) - they howl (referring to jackals) (they speak, they say, they howl)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vad

Present indicative

1st conjugation, parasmaipada.

Root: vad (class 1)

रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

i-ending feminine noun, locative singular.

रक्षांसि (rakṣāṁsi) - Rākṣasas (demons) (Rākṣasas (demons), protections)

(noun)

neuter, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, Rākṣasa, protection

s-ending neuter noun.

अथो (atho) - and then, moreover, now

(indeclinable)

Particle, often used to introduce a new clause. From atha + u.

निष्पतन्ति (niṣpatanti) - they fall down, they fly out, they descend

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of niṣpat

Present indicative

Formed from the root √pat (to fall) with prefix nis-.

Prefix: nis

Root: pat (class 1)

अन्तरिक्षात् (antarikṣāt) - from the sky, from the atmosphere, from space

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of antarikṣa

antarikṣa - atmosphere, sky, space

मृगाः (mṛgāḥ) - deer, wild animals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal

शृगालाः (śṛgālāḥ) - jackals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śṛgāla

śṛgāla - jackal

शितिकण्ठाः (śitikaṇṭhāḥ) - blue-throated birds (like jays, often considered inauspicious omens) (blue-throated (birds), having a white or sharp neck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śitikaṇṭha

śitikaṇṭha - blue-throated, white-necked, sharp-necked

Bahuvrīhi compound of śiti (blue/white/sharp) and kaṇṭha (throat).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śiti+kaṇṭha)

• śiti – blue, white, sharp
  adjective (masculine)
• kaṇṭha – throat, neck
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with implied 'birds' or functions as a noun.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

काकाः (kākāḥ) - crows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāka

kāka - crow

गृध्राः (gṛdhrāḥ) - vultures (vultures, greedy ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture, greedy

बडाः (baḍāḥ) - large birds, perhaps a type of vulture or hawk (large birds, sometimes a type of vulture or hawk)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of baḍa

baḍa - large bird, (as an adjective) strong, big

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, truly

(indeclinable)

Particle of emphasis.

तरक्षवः (tarakṣavaḥ) - hyenas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tarakṣu

tarakṣu - hyena

u-ending masculine noun.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)