महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-53

यदा द्रष्टा पततः स्यन्दनेभ्यो महागजेभ्योऽश्वगतांश्च योधान् ।
शरैर्हतान्पातितांश्चैव रङ्गे तदा युद्धं धार्तराष्ट्रोऽन्वतप्स्यत् ॥५३॥

53. yadā draṣṭā patataḥ syandanebhyo; mahāgajebhyo'śvagatāṁśca yodhān ,
śarairhatānpātitāṁścaiva raṅge; tadā yuddhaṁ dhārtarāṣṭro'nvatapsyat.

53. yadā draṣṭā patataḥ syandanebhyaḥ
mahāgajebhyaḥ aśvagatan ca yodhān
śaraiḥ hatān pātitan ca eva raṅge tadā
yuddham dhārtarāṣṭraḥ anvatapsyat

53. When he sees warriors falling from chariots, great elephants, and from horseback, struck down by arrows and indeed fallen on the battlefield, then the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra will regret this war.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - he will see (functions as a future finite verb) (he who sees, observer; will see (future))

• पततः (patataḥ) - falling, dropping

• स्यन्दनेभ्यः (syandanebhyaḥ) - from chariots

• महागजेभ्यः (mahāgajebhyaḥ) - from great elephants

• अश्वगतन् (aśvagatan) - warriors mounted on horses (gone on horseback, horse-mounted)

• च (ca) - and, also

• योधान् (yodhān) - warriors, fighters

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• हतान् (hatān) - killed, struck

• पातितन् (pātitan) - caused to fall, thrown down, fallen

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• रङ्गे (raṅge) - on the battlefield (on the battlefield, in the arena)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana (implied) (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, a Kaurava)

• अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - will regret, will repent, will suffer subsequent pain

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - he will see (functions as a future finite verb) (he who sees, observer; will see (future))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of draṣṭṛ

draṣṭṛ - seer, observer; one who will see (future participle)

Agent noun / Future participle

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix '-tṛ'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is dhārtarāṣṭraḥ.

पततः (patataḥ) - falling, dropping

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of patat

patat - falling, flying

Present Active Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall, fly)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies yodhān.

स्यन्दनेभ्यः (syandanebhyaḥ) - from chariots

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of syandana

syandana - chariot, flowing, moving

From root 'syand' (to flow, move)

Root: syand (class 1)

Note: Denotes source.

महागजेभ्यः (mahāgajebhyaḥ) - from great elephants

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of mahāgaja

mahāgaja - great elephant

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'gaja' (elephant)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+gaja)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes source.

अश्वगतन् (aśvagatan) - warriors mounted on horses (gone on horseback, horse-mounted)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśvagata

aśvagata - horse-mounted, gone on horseback

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

Compound of 'aśva' (horse) and 'gata' (gone). 'Gata' is P.P.P. of 'gam' (to go).

Compound type : tatpurusha (aśva+gata)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, reached, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies yodhān (implicit).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects mahāgajebhyaḥ and aśvagatan.

योधान् (yodhān) - warriors, fighters

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, soldier, fighter

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of draṣṭā.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Note: Means by which yodhān are killed/fallen.

हतान् (hatān) - killed, struck

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies yodhān.

पातितन् (pātitan) - caused to fall, thrown down, fallen

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, thrown down, fallen

Causative Past Passive Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall), causative stem 'pātay' + kta

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies yodhān.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects hatān and pātitan.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes.

रङ्गे (raṅge) - on the battlefield (on the battlefield, in the arena)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṅga

raṅga - arena, stage, battlefield, field

Note: Location of falling.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative to yadā.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root 'yudh' (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of anvatapsyat.

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana (implied) (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, a Kaurava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant/son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Patronymic from Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Note: Subject of anvatapsyat.

अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - will regret, will repent, will suffer subsequent pain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (luṅ) of anutap

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Luṅ (Aorist) with 'sya' infix, often used for future in classical Sanskrit.