महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-57

आर्तस्वरं हन्यमानं हतं च विकीर्णकेशास्थिकपालसंघम् ।
प्रजापतेः कर्म यथार्धनिष्ठितं तदा दृष्ट्वा तप्स्यते मन्दबुद्धिः ॥५७॥

57. ārtasvaraṁ hanyamānaṁ hataṁ ca; vikīrṇakeśāsthikapālasaṁgham ,
prajāpateḥ karma yathārdhaniṣṭhitaṁ; tadā dṛṣṭvā tapsyate mandabuddhiḥ.

57. ārtasvaram hanyamānam hatam ca
vikīrṇakeśāsthikapālasaṅgham
prajāpateḥ karma yathā ardhaniṣṭhitam
tadā dṛṣṭvā tapsyate mandabuddhiḥ

57. He will see his army crying out in distress, being killed and already slain, with scattered masses of hair, bones, and skulls, like a work left half-finished by Prajapati (the creator deity). Having seen that, the dull-witted one (Duryodhana) will then grieve.

Words meanings summery:

• आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - with piteous cries, crying out in distress

• हन्यमानम् (hanyamānam) - being killed, being struck

• हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

• च (ca) - and, also

• विकीर्णकेशास्थिकपालसङ्घम् (vikīrṇakeśāsthikapālasaṅgham) - with scattered masses of hair, bones, and skulls

• प्रजापतेः (prajāpateḥ) - of Prajapati, of the creator deity

• कर्म (karma) - the creative act/work of Prajapati (work, action, deed)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

• अर्धनिष्ठितम् (ardhaniṣṭhitam) - half-finished, half-completed

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• तप्स्यते (tapsyate) - will grieve, will suffer, will repent

• मन्दबुद्धिः (mandabuddhiḥ) - Duryodhana (the dull-witted one)

Words meanings and morphology

आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - with piteous cries, crying out in distress

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ārtasvara

ārtasvara - having distressed cries, making piteous sounds

Compound of ārta (distressed) and svara (sound, cry).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ārta+svara)

• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go/suffer) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• svara – sound, cry, voice
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies sarvasainyam (from the previous verse).

हन्यमानम् (hanyamānam) - being killed, being struck

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hanyamāna

hanyamāna - being killed, being struck, being injured

Present Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill), passive voice, present participle.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies sarvasainyam.

हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies sarvasainyam.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

Note: Connects hanyamānam and hatam.

विकीर्णकेशास्थिकपालसङ्घम् (vikīrṇakeśāsthikapālasaṅgham) - with scattered masses of hair, bones, and skulls

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vikīrṇakeśāsthikapālasaṅgha

vikīrṇakeśāsthikapālasaṅgha - having scattered masses of hair, bones, and skulls

A Bahuvrīhi compound describing the state of the army, where vikīrṇa applies to keśa, asthi, and kapāla which form saṅgha.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vikīrṇa+keśa+asthi+kapāla+saṅgha)

• vikīrṇa – scattered, dispersed, thrown about
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From vi + root kṛ (to scatter, throw)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṛ (class 6)
• keśa – hair
  noun (masculine)
• asthi – bone
  noun (neuter)
• kapāla – skull, forehead, potsherd
  noun (neuter)
• saṅgha – mass, heap, collection, multitude
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies sarvasainyam.

प्रजापतेः (prajāpateḥ) - of Prajapati, of the creator deity

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prajāpati

prajāpati - lord of creatures, creator, Prajapati (proper noun, a creator deity)

Compound of prajā (creatures, progeny) and pati (lord, master).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prajā+pati)

• prajā – creatures, progeny, subjects
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Relates to karma.

कर्म (karma) - the creative act/work of Prajapati (work, action, deed)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual action, fate (karma)

From root kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: This is what is ardhaniṣṭhitam.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)

adverbial particle

Note: Introduces a comparison.

अर्धनिष्ठितम् (ardhaniṣṭhitam) - half-finished, half-completed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ardhaniṣṭhita

ardhaniṣṭhita - half-finished, half-completed

Compound of ardha (half) and niṣṭhita (finished, completed).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ardha+niṣṭhita)

• ardha – half, part
  noun (neuter)
• niṣṭhita – finished, completed, fixed, established
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From nis + root sthā (to stand)
  Prefix: nis
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies karma.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

adverb of time

Note: Temporal adverb.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Describes an action completed before the main verb.

तप्स्यते (tapsyate) - will grieve, will suffer, will repent

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of tapsyate

Future Middle

From root tap (to heat, to suffer), future tense, middle voice.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Predicate of the sentence.

मन्दबुद्धिः (mandabuddhiḥ) - Duryodhana (the dull-witted one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mandabuddhi

mandabuddhi - dull-witted, slow-minded, foolish

Compound of manda (dull, slow) and buddhi (intellect, understanding).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manda+buddhi)

• manda – dull, slow, weak, poor
  adjective (masculine)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment
  noun (feminine)
  From root budh (to know, perceive)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Subject of tapsyate.