महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-36

यदा शिखण्डी रथिनः प्रचिन्वन्भीष्मं रथेनाभियाता वरूथी ।
दिव्यैर्हयैरवमृद्नन्रथौघांस्तदा युद्धं धार्तराष्ट्रोऽन्वतप्स्यत् ॥३६॥

36. yadā śikhaṇḍī rathinaḥ pracinva;nbhīṣmaṁ rathenābhiyātā varūthī ,
divyairhayairavamṛdnanrathaughāṁ;stadā yuddhaṁ dhārtarāṣṭro'nvatapsyat.

36. yadā śikhaṇḍī rathinaḥ pracinvan
bhīṣmam rathena abhiyātā varūthī divyaiḥ
hayaiḥ avamṛdnan rathaughān tadā
yuddham dhārtarāṣṭraḥ anvatapsyat

36. When Śikhaṇḍī, a valiant charioteer, would seek out charioteers and Bhīṣma, and attack with his chariot, crushing throngs of chariots with his divine horses, then the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra would regret the war.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - The warrior Śikhaṇḍī, originally a woman, who caused Bhīṣma's downfall. (Śikhaṇḍī)

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - referring to other charioteers on the battlefield, alongside Bhīṣma. (of a charioteer; charioteers)

• प्रचिन्वन् (pracinvan) - seeking out (charioteers and Bhīṣma) (searching for, choosing, gathering)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - The revered Kaurava patriarch and commander, Bhīṣma. (Bhīṣma)

• रथेन (rathena) - by means of his chariot. (by chariot, with a chariot)

• अभियाता (abhiyātā) - attacking, advancing against (Bhīṣma) (one who approaches, an attacker)

• वरूथी (varūthī) - a valiant charioteer, as a descriptor for Śikhaṇḍī (having a chariot, an armored warrior, a protector)

• दिव्यैः (divyaiḥ) - by divine, by celestial

• हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

• अवमृद्नन् (avamṛdnan) - crushing, trampling, destroying

• रथौघान् (rathaughān) - masses of chariots, throngs of chariots

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - war, battle

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Referring to Duryodhana, the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - would regret, would repent

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

शिखण्डी (śikhaṇḍī) - The warrior Śikhaṇḍī, originally a woman, who caused Bhīṣma's downfall. (Śikhaṇḍī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - crested, peacock-feathered, wearing a peacock's tail; a name of Śikhaṇḍī

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - referring to other charioteers on the battlefield, alongside Bhīṣma. (of a charioteer; charioteers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - possessing a chariot, a charioteer, a warrior in a chariot

Note: Also genitive singular. Here accusative plural as object of 'pracinvan'.

प्रचिन्वन् (pracinvan) - seeking out (charioteers and Bhīṣma) (searching for, choosing, gathering)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praci

praci - to search for, to look for, to choose, to collect

Present Active Participle

From pra- + ci (to gather, to choose)

Prefix: pra

Root: ci (class 5)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - The revered Kaurava patriarch and commander, Bhīṣma. (Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; name of the Kuru patriarch

रथेन (rathena) - by means of his chariot. (by chariot, with a chariot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

अभियाता (abhiyātā) - attacking, advancing against (Bhīṣma) (one who approaches, an attacker)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhiyātṛ

abhiyātṛ - one who approaches, an assailant, an invader, an attacker

Agent Noun

From abhi- + yā (to go)

Prefix: abhi

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: This is an agent noun in nominative singular, agreeing with Śikhaṇḍī.

वरूथी (varūthī) - a valiant charioteer, as a descriptor for Śikhaṇḍī (having a chariot, an armored warrior, a protector)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varūthin

varūthin - armored, having a chariot, a protector, a warrior

Note: Agrees with Śikhaṇḍī.

दिव्यैः (divyaiḥ) - by divine, by celestial

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of divya

divya - divine, celestial, heavenly

Note: Agrees with 'hayaiḥ'.

हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

अवमृद्नन् (avamṛdnan) - crushing, trampling, destroying

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avamṛd

avamṛd - to crush, to trample down, to destroy

Present Active Participle

From ava- + mṛd (to crush)

Prefix: ava

Root: mṛd (class 7)

Note: Agrees with Śikhaṇḍī.

रथौघान् (rathaughān) - masses of chariots, throngs of chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathaugha

rathaugha - multitude of chariots, chariot-throng

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+ogha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• ogha – flood, torrent, mass, multitude
  noun (masculine)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - war, battle

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - fight, battle, war

Past Passive Participle (from yudh)

From yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Often used as a noun meaning 'war'.

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Referring to Duryodhana, the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, belonging to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Taddhita derivation from Dhṛtarāṣṭra

अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - would regret, would repent

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of anutap

Imperfect of anu-tap

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: It is often translated as 'would regret' in these predictive contexts.