महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-97

सैक्यः कोशान्निःसरति प्रसन्नो हित्वेव जीर्णामुरगस्त्वचं स्वाम् ।
ध्वजे वाचो रौद्ररूपा वदन्ति कदा रथो योक्ष्यते ते किरीटिन् ॥९७॥

97. saikyaḥ kośānniḥsarati prasanno; hitveva jīrṇāmuragastvacaṁ svām ,
dhvaje vāco raudrarūpā vadanti; kadā ratho yokṣyate te kirīṭin.

97. saikyaḥ kośāt niḥsarati prasannaḥ
hitvā eva jīrṇām uragaḥ tvacam
svām dhvaje vācaḥ raudrarūpāḥ vadanti
kadā rathaḥ yokṣyate te kirīṭin

97. An arrow, bright and ready, slips from the quiver, just as a snake casts off its old skin. On the banner, fierce voices proclaim, 'O Kiriṭin (Arjuna), when will your chariot be yoked?'

Words meanings summery:

• सैक्यः (saikyaḥ) - an arrow (as it comes from the quiver) (an arrow, related to a stone/rock)

• कोशात् (kośāt) - from the quiver (from the quiver, from the sheath, from the treasury)

• निःसरति (niḥsarati) - comes out, emerges, departs

• प्रसन्नः (prasannaḥ) - bright, clear, ready (referring to the arrow's state) (clear, bright, calm, pleased, gracious, ready)

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having cast off

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, truly

• जीर्णाम् (jīrṇām) - old, worn out, decayed

• उरगः (uragaḥ) - snake, reptile

• त्वचम् (tvacam) - skin, hide, bark

• स्वाम् (svām) - one's own, own

• ध्वजे (dhvaje) - on the banner, on the flag

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - voices, words, speeches

• रौद्ररूपाः (raudrarūpāḥ) - of fierce form, terrible looking

• वदन्ति (vadanti) - they speak, they say, they tell

• कदा (kadā) - when? at what time?

• रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot, car

• योक्ष्यते (yokṣyate) - will be yoked, will be harnessed

• ते (te) - your, to you, for you

• किरीटिन् (kirīṭin) - O Kirīṭin, O Arjuna (one wearing a diadem)

Words meanings and morphology

सैक्यः (saikyaḥ) - an arrow (as it comes from the quiver) (an arrow, related to a stone/rock)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saikya

saikya - an arrow, stony, sandy

Possibly derived from śikā (point) or śaila (rock). In this context, it refers to an arrow.

कोशात् (kośāt) - from the quiver (from the quiver, from the sheath, from the treasury)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kośa

kośa - quiver, sheath, treasury, bud

निःसरति (niḥsarati) - comes out, emerges, departs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of niḥsar

Present indicative

Formed from the root √sṛ (to move) with prefix nir-.

Prefix: nis

Root: sṛ (class 1)

प्रसन्नः (prasannaḥ) - bright, clear, ready (referring to the arrow's state) (clear, bright, calm, pleased, gracious, ready)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasanna

prasanna - clear, bright, calm, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From pra-√sad (to be clear, to be pleased).

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saikyaḥ.

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having cast off

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root √hā (to abandon, leave) with suffix -tvā.

Root: hā (class 3)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, truly

(indeclinable)

Particle of emphasis.

जीर्णाम् (jīrṇām) - old, worn out, decayed

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jīrṇa

jīrṇa - old, worn out, digested

Past Passive Participle

From the root √jṝ (to wear out, grow old).

Root: jṝ (class 9)

Note: Agrees with tvacam.

उरगः (uragaḥ) - snake, reptile

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uraga

uraga - snake (lit. moving on the breast)

Compound of uras (breast) + ga (going).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (uras+ga)

• uras – breast, chest
  noun (neuter)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

त्वचम् (tvacam) - skin, hide, bark

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tvac

tvac - skin, hide, bark

c-ending noun.

स्वाम् (svām) - one's own, own

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own, self

Note: Agrees with tvacam.

ध्वजे (dhvaje) - on the banner, on the flag

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard

वाचः (vācaḥ) - voices, words, speeches

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - voice, word, speech

c-ending feminine noun.

रौद्ररूपाः (raudrarūpāḥ) - of fierce form, terrible looking

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of raudrarūpa

raudrarūpa - of fierce/terrible form

Compound of rudra (fierce, terrible) and rūpa (form).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rudra+rūpa)

• rudra – fierce, terrible, a name of Śiva
  adjective (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with vācaḥ.

वदन्ति (vadanti) - they speak, they say, they tell

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vad

Present indicative

1st conjugation, parasmaipada.

Root: vad (class 1)

कदा (kadā) - when? at what time?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot, car

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

योक्ष्यते (yokṣyate) - will be yoked, will be harnessed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, future (lṛṭ) of yuj

Future indicative

From the root √yuj (to join, yoke), future passive form, atmanepada.

Root: yuj (class 7)

ते (te) - your, to you, for you

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Used as possessive 'your'.

किरीटिन् (kirīṭin) - O Kirīṭin, O Arjuna (one wearing a diadem)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - wearing a diadem/crown (an epithet of Arjuna)

in-stem noun, vocative singular.