महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-82

तमसह्यं विष्णुमनन्तवीर्यमाशंसते धार्तराष्ट्रो बलेन ।
यदा ह्येनं तर्कयते दुरात्मा तच्चाप्ययं सहतेऽस्मान्समीक्ष्य ॥८२॥

82. tamasahyaṁ viṣṇumanantavīrya;māśaṁsate dhārtarāṣṭro balena ,
yadā hyenaṁ tarkayate durātmā; taccāpyayaṁ sahate'smānsamīkṣya.

82. tam asahyam viṣṇum anantavīryam
āśaṃsate dhārtarāṣṭraḥ balena yadā
hi enam tarkayate durātmā tat
ca api ayam sahate asmān samīkṣya

82. The son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhārtarāṣṭra), by his might, challenges that unbearable Viṣṇu of infinite valor. Whenever that evil-minded one considers him, this (Viṣṇu), observing us, endures it.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• असह्यम् (asahyam) - unbearable, irresistible

• विष्णुम् (viṣṇum) - Viṣṇu (the preserver deity)

• अनन्तवीर्यम् (anantavīryam) - of infinite valor, whose power is endless

• आशंसते (āśaṁsate) - challenges (with aggression) (challenges, boasts, hopes)

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• बलेन (balena) - by strength, by force

• यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• एनम् (enam) - refers to Viṣṇu (him, this one)

• तर्कयते (tarkayate) - considers (with a hostile intent) (considers, speculates, calculates, thinks of)

• दुरात्मा (durātmā) - the evil-minded Duryodhana (evil-minded, wicked soul)

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अयम् (ayam) - refers to Viṣṇu (this one, he)

• सहते (sahate) - endures, bears, tolerates

• अस्मान् (asmān) - refers to the Pāṇḍavas and their allies (us, we)

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed, having considered

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Viṣṇu.

असह्यम् (asahyam) - unbearable, irresistible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asahya

asahya - unbearable, irresistible, difficult to endure

Gerundive/Nomen Agentis

Derived from root sah 'to bear' with prefix a- (negation) and suffix -ya.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sahya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• sahya – bearable, endurable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root sah with suffix -ya.
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Viṣṇu.

विष्णुम् (viṣṇum) - Viṣṇu (the preserver deity)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - Viṣṇu (a proper noun, a name of God)

Note: Object of 'āśaṃsate'.

अनन्तवीर्यम् (anantavīryam) - of infinite valor, whose power is endless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anantavīrya

anantavīrya - of infinite valor, having endless strength/energy

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ananta+vīrya)

• ananta – infinite, endless, eternal
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: a
  Root: anta
• vīrya – valor, strength, energy, heroism
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Viṣṇu.

आशंसते (āśaṁsate) - challenges (with aggression) (challenges, boasts, hopes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Root śaṃs with prefix ā. In middle voice, can mean 'to boast, to challenge'.

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: The middle voice usage suggests 'challenges' or 'boasts against'.

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (e.g., Duryodhana)

Derived from Dhṛtarāṣṭra with the patronymic suffix aṇ.

Note: Subject of the verb 'āśaṃsate'.

बलेन (balena) - by strength, by force

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, might

Note: Instrument by which Dhārtarāṣṭra challenges.

यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time, introduces a temporal clause.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

एनम् (enam) - refers to Viṣṇu (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it (anaphoric pronoun)

Note: Object of 'tarkayate'.

तर्कयते (tarkayate) - considers (with a hostile intent) (considers, speculates, calculates, thinks of)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of tark

Denominative verb from tarka, or root tark class 10.

Root: tark (class 10)

दुरात्मा (durātmā) - the evil-minded Duryodhana (evil-minded, wicked soul)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked soul, depraved spirit

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dus+ātman)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the verb 'tarkayate'.

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the act of considering Viṣṇu.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - refers to Viṣṇu (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Subject of the verb 'sahate'.

सहते (sahate) - endures, bears, tolerates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sah

Root: sah (class 1)

अस्मान् (asmān) - refers to the Pāṇḍavas and their allies (us, we)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us (first person plural pronoun)

Note: Object of 'samīkṣya'.

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed, having considered

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root īkṣ 'to see' with prefix sam- and suffix -ya (lYAP form).

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Gerund/absolutive indicating a preceding action.