महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-86

अवाप्य कृच्छ्रं विहितं ह्यरण्ये दीर्घं कालं चैकमज्ञातचर्याम् ।
ते ह्यकस्माज्जीवितं पाण्डवानां न मृष्यन्ते धार्तराष्ट्राः पदस्थाः ॥८६॥

86. avāpya kṛcchraṁ vihitaṁ hyaraṇye; dīrghaṁ kālaṁ caikamajñātacaryām ,
te hyakasmājjīvitaṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ; na mṛṣyante dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ padasthāḥ.

86. avāpya kṛcchram vihitam hi araṇye
dīrgham kālam ca ekam ajñātacaryām
te hi akasmāt jīvitam pāṇḍavānām
na mṛṣyante dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ padasthāḥ

86. Indeed, after the Pāṇḍavas underwent the prescribed hardship in the forest for a long time, and one year of incognito living, the Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas), who are firmly established in their positions, suddenly do not tolerate the Pāṇḍavas' continued existence.

Words meanings summery:

• अवाप्य (avāpya) - Having obtained, having undergone, having reached.

• कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - Hardship, difficulty, suffering.

• विहितम् (vihitam) - Prescribed, ordained, arranged, performed.

• हि (hi) - Indeed, for, surely.

• अरण्ये (araṇye) - In the forest.

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - Long.

• कालम् (kālam) - Time, period.

• च (ca) - And.

• एकम् (ekam) - Refers to one year of incognito living. (One.)

• अज्ञातचर्याम् (ajñātacaryām) - Incognito living, period of hiding.

• ते (te) - Refers to the Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas). (They.)

• हि (hi) - Indeed, for, surely.

• अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - Suddenly, unexpectedly, without reason.

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - Life, existence, livelihood.

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - Of the Pāṇḍavas.

• न (na) - Not.

• मृष्यन्ते (mṛṣyante) - They tolerate, they endure, they forgive.

• धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - The sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the Kauravas.

• पदस्थाः (padasthāḥ) - Agrees with `dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ`. (Firmly established, in position, in power.)

Words meanings and morphology

अवाप्य (avāpya) - Having obtained, having undergone, having reached.

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from `āp` (to obtain) with `ava` prefix and `lyap` suffix.

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - Hardship, difficulty, suffering.

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficult, hard; hardship, difficulty, suffering, distress.

Note: Object of `avāpya`.

विहितम् (vihitam) - Prescribed, ordained, arranged, performed.

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vihita

vihita - placed, arranged, performed, prescribed, appointed, ordained.

Past Passive Participle

Derived from `dhā` (to place, do) with `vi` prefix.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `kṛcchram`.

हि (hi) - Indeed, for, surely.

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अरण्ये (araṇye) - In the forest.

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness.

Note: Location where hardship was undergone.

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - Long.

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, extensive.

Note: Agrees with `kālam`.

कालम् (kālam) - Time, period.

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season.

च (ca) - And.

(indeclinable)

एकम् (ekam) - Refers to one year of incognito living. (One.)

(numeral)

Note: Here used as an adjective for the implicit 'year'.

अज्ञातचर्याम् (ajñātacaryām) - Incognito living, period of hiding.

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ajñātacaryā

ajñātacaryā - incognito living, unknown wandering, a period of hiding.

Tatpurusha compound: `ajñāta` (unknown) + `caryā` (conduct, living).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ajñāta+caryā)

• ajñāta – unknown, not known
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from `jñā` (to know) with `a` (negation) prefix.
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• caryā – conduct, course, living, wandering
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root `car` (to move, to practice).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Object of `avāpya` along with `kṛcchram`.

ते (te) - Refers to the Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas). (They.)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it.

Nominative plural.

हि (hi) - Indeed, for, surely.

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - Suddenly, unexpectedly, without reason.

(indeclinable)

Adverbial ablative form of `akasma`.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - Life, existence, livelihood.

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - living, life, existence, livelihood.

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Derived from root `jīv` (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of `mṛṣyante`.

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - Of the Pāṇḍavas.

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu; a Pāṇḍava.

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

न (na) - Not.

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

मृष्यन्ते (mṛṣyante) - They tolerate, they endure, they forgive.

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of mṛṣ

Present tense

Third person plural, present middle (ātmanepada).

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ`.

धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - The sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the Kauravas.

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son or descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; a Kaurava.

Patronymic from Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

पदस्थाः (padasthāḥ) - Agrees with `dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ`. (Firmly established, in position, in power.)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padastha

padastha - standing in one's place, firmly established, holding a position, in power.

Compound: `pada` (place, position) + `stha` (standing, being).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pada+stha)

• pada – foot, step, place, position
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, being, located in
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root `sthā` (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)