महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-49

बलाहकादुच्चरन्तीव विद्युत्सहस्रघ्नी द्विषतां संगमेषु ।
अस्थिच्छिदो मर्मभिदो वमेच्छरांस्तदा युद्धं धार्तराष्ट्रोऽन्वतप्स्यत् ॥४९॥

49. balāhakāduccarantīva vidyu;tsahasraghnī dviṣatāṁ saṁgameṣu ,
asthicchido marmabhido vameccharāṁ;stadā yuddhaṁ dhārtarāṣṭro'nvatapsyat.

49. balāhakāt uccarantī iva vidyut
sahasraghnī dviṣatām saṅgameṣu asthicchidaḥ
marmabhidaḥ vamet śarān tadā
yuddham dhārtarāṣṭraḥ anvatapsyat

49. As if lightning, slaying thousands, erupting from a thundercloud, he (Arjuna) would unleash bone-splitting and vital-point-piercing arrows upon encounters with enemies. Then, the son of Dhritarashtra would regret the war.

Words meanings summery:

• बलाहकात् (balāhakāt) - from a thundercloud, from a cloud

• उच्चरन्ती (uccarantī) - rising forth, emitting, moving upwards

• इव (iva) - as if, like, resembling

• विद्युत् (vidyut) - lightning, flash

• सहस्रघ्नी (sahasraghnī) - slaying thousands, killing a thousand

• द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of enemies, of those who hate

• सङ्गमेषु (saṅgameṣu) - in encounters, in battles, in assemblies

• अस्थिच्छिदः (asthicchidaḥ) - bone-splitting, bone-piercing

• मर्मभिदः (marmabhidaḥ) - vital-spot-splitting, vital-point-piercing

• वमेत् (vamet) - Arjuna would emit arrows. (he would vomit, he would emit, he would discharge)

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - war, battle, fight

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana. (the son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana))

• अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - he would regret, he would lament

Words meanings and morphology

बलाहकात् (balāhakāt) - from a thundercloud, from a cloud

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of balāhaka

balāhaka - thundercloud, cloud

उच्चरन्ती (uccarantī) - rising forth, emitting, moving upwards

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of uccarant

uccarant - rising, emerging

Present Active Participle

Formed from root `car` (to move) with prefix `ud` and present participle suffix `at`

Prefix: ud

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with `vidyut`.

इव (iva) - as if, like, resembling

(indeclinable)

विद्युत् (vidyut) - lightning, flash

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidyut

vidyut - lightning, flash of light

Note: Subject of the simile.

सहस्रघ्नी (sahasraghnī) - slaying thousands, killing a thousand

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sahasraghnī

sahasraghnī - slayer of thousands

Derived from `sahasra` (thousand) and root `han` (to strike, kill), with feminine suffix `ī`

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sahasra+ghan)

• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)
• ghan – killing, striking
  noun (masculine)
  From root `han` (to kill, strike)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agreeing with `vidyut`.

द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of enemies, of those who hate

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dviṣat

dviṣat - enemy, hater

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `dviṣ` (to hate) with present participle suffix `at`

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Possessive, 'of the enemies.'

सङ्गमेषु (saṅgameṣu) - in encounters, in battles, in assemblies

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of saṅgama

saṅgama - encounter, battle, assembly, confluence

Derived from root `gam` (to go) with prefix `sam` and nominal suffix `a`

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: 'In the encounters.'

अस्थिच्छिदः (asthicchidaḥ) - bone-splitting, bone-piercing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of asthicchid

asthicchid - bone-cutter, bone-splitter

Compound of `asthi` (bone) and `chid` (cutter/splitter), from root `chid` (to cut, cleave)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (asthi+chid)

• asthi – bone
  noun (neuter)
• chid – cutting, splitting, breaking
  noun (masculine)
  From root `chid` (to cut)
  Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Agreeing with `śarān`.

मर्मभिदः (marmabhidaḥ) - vital-spot-splitting, vital-point-piercing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of marmabhid

marmabhid - vital-spot-cutter/splitter

Compound of `marman` (vital spot) and `bhid` (cutter/splitter), from root `bhid` (to cleave, split)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (marman+bhid)

• marman – vital part, vulnerable spot
  noun (neuter)
• bhid – cutting, splitting, breaking
  noun (masculine)
  From root `bhid` (to cleave)
  Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Agreeing with `śarān`.

वमेत् (vamet) - Arjuna would emit arrows. (he would vomit, he would emit, he would discharge)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vam

Optative Mood

3rd person singular active optative of root `vam` (to vomit, emit)

Root: vam (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is Arjuna.

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Object of `vamet`.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - war, battle, fight

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `yudh` (to fight) with suffix `ta`

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of `anvatapsyat`.

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana. (the son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhritarashtra, descendant of Dhritarashtra

Patronymic adjective from Dhritarashtra

Note: Subject of `anvatapsyat`.

अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - he would regret, he would lament

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, conditional past (counterfactual) (lṛṅ) of anu-tap

Conditional Future

3rd person singular, active, of root `tap` (to suffer, heat) with prefix `anu`. The `sya` indicates conditional/future, but with `a` augment, it's a conditional past, translated as 'would regret'. Pāṇinian `lṛṅ`.

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject is `dhārtarāṣṭraḥ`.