महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-52

यदा विपाठा मद्भुजविप्रमुक्ता द्विजाः फलानीव महीरुहाग्रात् ।
प्रच्छेत्तार उत्तमाङ्गानि यूनां तदा युद्धं धार्तराष्ट्रोऽन्वतप्स्यत् ॥५२॥

52. yadā vipāṭhā madbhujavipramuktā; dvijāḥ phalānīva mahīruhāgrāt ,
pracchettāra uttamāṅgāni yūnāṁ; tadā yuddhaṁ dhārtarāṣṭro'nvatapsyat.

52. yadā vipāṭhāḥ madbhujavipramuktāḥ
dvijāḥ phalāni iva mahīruha-agrāt
pracchettāraḥ uttamāṅgāni yūnām tadā
yuddham dhārtarāṣṭraḥ anvatapsyat

52. When unfletched arrows, released from my arms and severing the heads of young men, cause them to fall like birds and fruits from the tops of trees, then the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra will regret this war.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• विपाठाः (vipāṭhāḥ) - arrows (unfletched, wingless (arrows))

• मद्भुजविप्रमुक्ताः (madbhujavipramuktāḥ) - released from my arms

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - birds (as a simile for falling heads) (birds, twice-born beings)

• फलानि (phalāni) - fruits (as a simile for falling heads) (fruits, results)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• महीरुह-अग्रात् (mahīruha-agrāt) - from the top of trees

• प्रच्छेत्तारः (pracchettāraḥ) - the arrows (vipāṭhāḥ) as severers (severers, those who cut off)

• उत्तमाङ्गानि (uttamāṅgāni) - heads (of young men) (best parts, heads)

• यूनाम् (yūnām) - of youths, of young men

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana (implied, as the one who would regret the war most) (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, a Kaurava)

• अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - will regret, will repent, will suffer subsequent pain

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

विपाठाः (vipāṭhāḥ) - arrows (unfletched, wingless (arrows))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipāṭha

vipāṭha - unfletched, wingless; without path, pathless

Prefix: vi

Root: paṭh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'arrows' implicitly as the subject of the clause.

मद्भुजविप्रमुक्ताः (madbhujavipramuktāḥ) - released from my arms

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of madbhujavipramukta

madbhujavipramukta - released from my arms

Past Passive Participle

Compound (Bahuvrihi) of 'mat' (my) + 'bhuja' (arm) + 'vipramukta' (released). 'Vipramukta' is P.P.P. of 'vi-pra-muc' (to release).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mat+bhuja+vipramukta)

• mat – my, mine (from asmad)
  pronoun
  Genitive/Ablative of asmad, used here as first part of compound
• bhuja – arm, hand
  noun (masculine)
• vipramukta – released, discharged, set free
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root 'muc' with prefixes 'vi' and 'pra'
  Prefixes: vi+pra
  Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Qualifies vipāṭhāḥ.

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - birds (as a simile for falling heads) (birds, twice-born beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced
  adjective
  From root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Used in a simile.

फलानि (phalāni) - fruits (as a simile for falling heads) (fruits, results)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of phala

phala - fruit, result, reward, consequence

Note: Used in a simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `dvijāḥ phalāni` to the action of falling.

महीरुह-अग्रात् (mahīruha-agrāt) - from the top of trees

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mahīruha-agra

mahīruha-agra - treetop

Tatpurusha compound of 'mahīruha' (tree) and 'agra' (top)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahīruha+agra)

• mahīruha – tree (literally 'earth-grower')
  noun (masculine)
  Bahuvrihi compound of 'mahī' (earth) + 'ruha' (growing)
  Root: ruh (class 1)
• agra – top, front, point, tip
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes source or separation.

प्रच्छेत्तारः (pracchettāraḥ) - the arrows (vipāṭhāḥ) as severers (severers, those who cut off)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pracchettṛ

pracchettṛ - cutter, severer

Agent noun

From root 'chid' (to cut) with prefix 'pra', suffix '-tṛ'

Prefix: pra

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Predicative nominative agreeing with vipāṭhāḥ.

उत्तमाङ्गानि (uttamāṅgāni) - heads (of young men) (best parts, heads)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of uttamāṅga

uttamāṅga - best part, head

Tatpurusha compound of 'uttama' (best) and 'aṅga' (limb)

Compound type : tatpurusha (uttama+aṅga)

• uttama – highest, best, chief
  adjective (masculine)
• aṅga – limb, body, part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of pracchettāraḥ.

यूनाम् (yūnām) - of youths, of young men

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yuvan

yuvan - young, youth, young man

Note: Possessive, 'of youths'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative to yadā.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root 'yudh' (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of anvatapsyat.

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana (implied, as the one who would regret the war most) (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, a Kaurava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant/son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Patronymic from Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Note: Subject of anvatapsyat.

अन्वतप्स्यत् (anvatapsyat) - will regret, will repent, will suffer subsequent pain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (luṅ) of anutap

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Luṅ (Aorist) with 'sya' infix, often used for future in classical Sanskrit.