महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-10

ह्रिया ज्ञानेन तपसा दमेन क्रोधेनाथो धर्मगुप्त्या धनेन ।
अन्यायवृत्तः कुरुपाण्डवेयानध्यातिष्ठद्धार्तराष्ट्रो दुरात्मा ॥१०॥

10. hriyā jñānena tapasā damena; krodhenātho dharmaguptyā dhanena ,
anyāyavṛttaḥ kurupāṇḍaveyā;nadhyātiṣṭhaddhārtarāṣṭro durātmā.

10. hriyā jñānena tapasā damena
krodhena atho dharmaguptyā dhanena
an'yāyavṛttaḥ kurupāṇḍaveyān
adhyātiṣṭhat dhārtarāṣṭraḥ durātmā

10. Ignoring modesty, knowledge, asceticism (tapas), and self-restraint (dama), but instead employing anger, a false pretense of protecting natural law (dharma), and wealth, the evil-minded Dhṛtarāṣṭra, behaving unjustly, oppressed the Kuru and Pāṇḍava princes.

Words meanings summery:

• ह्रिया (hriyā) - by modesty (which he disregarded) (by modesty, by shame, by humility)

• ज्ञानेन (jñānena) - by knowledge (which he disregarded) (by knowledge, by wisdom)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism (tapas) (which he disregarded) (by asceticism (tapas), by penance)

• दमेन (damena) - by self-restraint (dama) (which he disregarded) (by self-restraint (dama), by self-control)

• क्रोधेन (krodhena) - by his anger (which he employed) (by anger, with anger)

• अथो (atho) - and also (and then, and also, moreover)

• धर्मगुप्त्या (dharmaguptyā) - by (the guise of) protection of natural law (dharma) (by the protection of natural law (dharma), by upholding righteousness)

• धनेन (dhanena) - by his wealth (which he employed) (by wealth, with wealth)

• अन्&#०३९;यायवृत्तः (an'yāyavṛttaḥ) - acting unjustly (behaving unjustly, unrighteous conduct)

• कुरुपाण्डवेयान् (kurupāṇḍaveyān) - the Kuru and Pāṇḍava princes

• अध्यातिष्ठत् (adhyātiṣṭhat) - he oppressed, he dominated (he stood over, he superintended, he oppressed)

• धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana, the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• दुरात्मा (durātmā) - evil-minded (person) (evil-minded, wicked, malicious person)

Words meanings and morphology

ह्रिया (hriyā) - by modesty (which he disregarded) (by modesty, by shame, by humility)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of hrī

hrī - modesty, shame, humility

ज्ञानेन (jñānena) - by knowledge (which he disregarded) (by knowledge, by wisdom)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom

Root: jñā (class 9)

तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism (tapas) (which he disregarded) (by asceticism (tapas), by penance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism (tapas), penance, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

दमेन (damena) - by self-restraint (dama) (which he disregarded) (by self-restraint (dama), by self-control)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-restraint (dama), self-control

Root: dam (class 4)

क्रोधेन (krodhena) - by his anger (which he employed) (by anger, with anger)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath

Root: krudh (class 4)

अथो (atho) - and also (and then, and also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

From atha + u

धर्मगुप्त्या (dharmaguptyā) - by (the guise of) protection of natural law (dharma) (by the protection of natural law (dharma), by upholding righteousness)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dharmagupti

dharmagupti - protection of (dharma), upholding righteousness

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+gupti)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, natural law (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• gupti – protection, concealment
  noun (feminine)
  From root gup-
  Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Contextually implies a hypocritical or false pretense of protecting dharma.

धनेन (dhanena) - by his wealth (which he employed) (by wealth, with wealth)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property

Root: dhā (class 3)

अन्&#०३९;यायवृत्तः (an'yāyavṛttaḥ) - acting unjustly (behaving unjustly, unrighteous conduct)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of an'yāyavṛtta

an'yāyavṛtta - unjustly behaved, wrong conduct

Compound type : bahuvrihi (an+nyāya+vṛtta)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• nyāya – justice, rule, method
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtta – conducted, behaved, happened
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛt-
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dhārtarāṣṭraḥ.

कुरुपाण्डवेयान् (kurupāṇḍaveyān) - the Kuru and Pāṇḍava princes

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kurupāṇḍaveya

kurupāṇḍaveya - descendant of Kuru and Pāṇḍu (princes)

Compound type : dvandva (kuru+pāṇḍaveya)

• kuru – descendant of Kuru, Kuru prince
  proper noun (masculine)
• pāṇḍaveya – descendant of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍava prince
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the princes of both Kuru and Pāṇḍu lineages, specifically those whom Duryodhana oppressed.

अध्यातिष्ठत् (adhyātiṣṭhat) - he oppressed, he dominated (he stood over, he superintended, he oppressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of adhi-sthā

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: With adhi, meaning 'to rule over, preside over, oppress'.

धार्तराष्ट्रः (dhārtarāṣṭraḥ) - Duryodhana, the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Taddhita formation from Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Note: Refers to Duryodhana, the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

दुरात्मा (durātmā) - evil-minded (person) (evil-minded, wicked, malicious person)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious person

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, mind, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with dhārtarāṣṭraḥ.