महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-47, verse-45

हिरण्मयं श्वेतहयैश्चतुर्भिर्यदा युक्तं स्यन्दनं माधवस्य ।
द्रष्टा युद्धे सात्यकेर्वै सुयोधनस्तदा तप्स्यत्यकृतात्मा स मन्दः ॥४५॥

45. hiraṇmayaṁ śvetahayaiścaturbhi;ryadā yuktaṁ syandanaṁ mādhavasya ,
draṣṭā yuddhe sātyakervai suyodhana;stadā tapsyatyakṛtātmā sa mandaḥ.

45. hiraṇmayaṃ śvetahayaiḥ caturbhiḥ
yadā yuktaṃ syandanaṃ mādhavasya
draṣṭā yuddhe sātyakeḥ vai suyodhanaḥ
tadā tapsyati akṛtātmā saḥ mandaḥ

45. When Suyodhana, that foolish man with an unrefined mind (akṛtātmā), truly sees Mādhava's golden chariot, yoked with four white horses, engaged in Satyakit's battle, then he will grieve.

Words meanings summery:

• हिरण्मयं (hiraṇmayaṁ) - golden (golden, made of gold)

• श्वेतहयैः (śvetahayaiḥ) - by white horses

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four (horses) (by four)

• यदा (yadā) - when

• युक्तं (yuktaṁ) - yoked (yoked, joined, connected, endowed with)

• स्यन्दनं (syandanaṁ) - chariot (chariot, vehicle, flowing)

• माधवस्य (mādhavasya) - of Mādhava (Krishna) (of Mādhava (Krishna), of the spring season)

• द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - will see (as future predicate) (the seer, one who will see)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• सात्यकेः (sātyakeḥ) - of Sātyaki

• वै (vai) - truly (indeed, verily, surely)

• सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Suyodhana (Suyodhana (proper noun))

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• तप्स्यति (tapsyati) - will grieve (will grieve, will suffer, will be tormented)

• अकृतात्मा (akṛtātmā) - with an unrefined mind (ātman) (whose self is unrefined, uncultivated, foolish)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• मन्दः (mandaḥ) - foolish (slow, dull, foolish, weak)

Words meanings and morphology

हिरण्मयं (hiraṇmayaṁ) - golden (golden, made of gold)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hiraṇmaya

hiraṇmaya - golden, made of gold

Derived from hiraṇya (gold) + -maya (suffix meaning 'made of').

Note: Here in masculine accusative singular, agreeing with 'syandanaṃ'.

श्वेतहयैः (śvetahayaiḥ) - by white horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śvetahaya

śvetahaya - white horse

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śveta+haya)

• śveta – white
  adjective (masculine)
• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four (horses) (by four)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'śvetahayaiḥ'.

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

युक्तं (yuktaṁ) - yoked (yoked, joined, connected, endowed with)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - yoked, joined, connected, endowed with, intent

Past Passive Participle

From root √yuj (to join, to yoke).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Here in masculine accusative singular, agreeing with 'syandanaṃ'.

स्यन्दनं (syandanaṁ) - chariot (chariot, vehicle, flowing)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of syandana

syandana - chariot, vehicle, flowing, stream

From root √syand (to flow).

Root: syand (class 1)

माधवस्य (mādhavasya) - of Mādhava (Krishna) (of Mādhava (Krishna), of the spring season)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu, Krishna, lord of spring

द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - will see (as future predicate) (the seer, one who will see)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of draṣṭṛ

draṣṭṛ - seer, beholder, one who sees

Agent Noun

Derived from root √dṛś with the suffix -tṛ. It carries a future sense in this context.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: This agent noun functions as a future active verb in this context, the subject being Suyodhana.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

From root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

सात्यकेः (sātyakeḥ) - of Sātyaki

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - name of a famous Yadu warrior, son of Satyaka

वै (vai) - truly (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Suyodhana (Suyodhana (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - well-fighting, name of Duryodhana

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

तप्स्यति (tapsyati) - will grieve (will grieve, will suffer, will be tormented)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of tap

Root: tap (class 1)

अकृतात्मा (akṛtātmā) - with an unrefined mind (ātman) (whose self is unrefined, uncultivated, foolish)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṛtātman

akṛtātman - whose mind/self (ātman) is unrefined, uncultivated, foolish

Compound of a- (not) + kṛta (done/refined) + ātman (self/mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṛta+ātman)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kṛta – done, made, accomplished, refined
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb root √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul, mind, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Suyodhana.

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Suyodhana.

मन्दः (mandaḥ) - foolish (slow, dull, foolish, weak)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manda

manda - slow, dull, foolish, weak, sluggish

Note: Qualifies Suyodhana.